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Android蓝牙开发

2016-05-05 18:22 417 查看
Android对于蓝牙开发从2.0版本的sdk才开始支持,而且模拟器不支持,测试至少需要两部手机,所以制约了很多技术人员的开发。

1. 首先,要操作蓝牙,先要在AndroidManifest.xml里加入权限

// 管理蓝牙设备的权限

<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />


// 使用蓝牙设备的权限

<uses-permissionandroid:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />


2.打开蓝牙

获得蓝牙适配器(android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter),检查该设备是否支持蓝牙,如果支持,就打开蓝牙。

[java]

// 检查设备是否支持蓝牙

adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (adapter == null)
{
// 设备不支持蓝牙
}
// 打开蓝牙
if (!adapter.isEnabled())
{
Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
// 设置蓝牙可见性,最多300秒
intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
context.startActivity(intent);
}


3.获取已配对的蓝牙设备(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice)

首次连接某蓝牙设备需要先配对,一旦配对成功,该设备的信息会被保存,以后连接时无需再配对,所以已配对的设备不一定是能连接的。

[java]

BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Set<BluetoothDevice> devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();
for(int i=0; i < devices.size(); i++)
{
BluetoothDevice device = (BluetoothDevice) devices.iterator().next();
System.out.println(device.getName());
}


4.搜索周围的蓝牙设备

适配器搜索蓝牙设备后将结果以广播形式传出去,所以需要自定义一个继承广播的类,在onReceive方法中获得并处理蓝牙设备的搜索结果。

[java]

// 设置广播信息过滤

IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
// 注册广播接收器,接收并处理搜索结果
context.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
// 寻找蓝牙设备,android会将查找到的设备以广播形式发出去
adapter.startDiscovery();


自定义广播类

[java]

private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
System.out.println(device.getName());
}
}
}


5.蓝牙设备的配对和状态监视

[java]

private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
// 获取查找到的蓝牙设备
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
System.out.println(device.getName());
// 如果查找到的设备符合要连接的设备,处理
if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
// 搜索蓝牙设备的过程占用资源比较多,一旦找到需要连接的设备后需要及时关闭搜索
adapter.cancelDiscovery();
// 获取蓝牙设备的连接状态
connectState = device.getBondState();
switch (connectState) {
// 未配对
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
// 配对
try {
Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");
createBondMethod.invoke(device);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
// 已配对
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
try {
// 连接
connect(device);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
} else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {
// 状态改变的广播
BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {
connectState = device.getBondState();
switch (connectState) {
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:
break;
case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:
try {
// 连接
connect(device);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
break;
}
}
}
}
}


6.蓝牙设备的连接

[java]

private void connect(BluetoothDevice device) throws IOException {
// 固定的UUID
final String SPP_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";
UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(SPP_UUID);
BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);
socket.connect();
}


服务端接受外来的连接

private class AcceptThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;

public AcceptThread() {
// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket,
// because mmServerSocket is final
BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null;
try {
// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code
tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) { }
mmServerSocket = tmp;
}

public void run() {
BluetoothSocket socket = null;
// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned
while (true) {
try {
socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
} catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
// If a connection was accepted
if (socket != null) {
// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
// manageConnectedSocket(socket);
mmServerSocket.close();
break;
}
}
}

/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */
public void cancel() {
try {
mmServerSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) { }
}
}


客户端初始化蓝牙连接

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket,
// because mmSocket is final
BluetoothSocket tmp = null;
mmDevice = device;

// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice
try {
// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code
tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
} catch (IOException e) { }
mmSocket = tmp;
}

public void run() {
// Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection
mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

try {
// Connect the device through the socket. This will block
// until it succeeds or throws an exception
mmSocket.connect();
} catch (IOException connectException) {
// Unable to connect; close the socket and get out
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException closeException) { }
return;
}

// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread)
// manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);
}

/** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */
public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) { }
}
}


本篇文章来源于 Linux公社网站(www.linuxidc.com) 原文链接:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-12/48374.htm

1.BluetoothAdapter 顾名思义,蓝牙适配器,直到我们建立bluetoothSocket连接之前,都要不断操作它

BluetoothAdapter里的方法很多,常用的有以下几个:

cancelDiscovery() 根据字面意思,是取消发现,也就是说当我们正在搜索设备的时候调用这个方法将不再继续搜索

disable()关闭蓝牙

enable()打开蓝牙,这个方法打开蓝牙不会弹出提示,更多的时候我们需要问下用户是否打开,一下这两行代码同样是打开蓝牙,不过会提示用户:

Intemtenabler=new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

startActivityForResult(enabler,reCode);//同startActivity(enabler);

getAddress()获取本地蓝牙地址

getDefaultAdapter()获取默认BluetoothAdapter,实际上,也只有这一种方法获取BluetoothAdapter

getName()获取本地蓝牙名称

getRemoteDevice(String address)根据蓝牙地址获取远程蓝牙设备

getState()获取本地蓝牙适配器当前状态(感觉可能调试的时候更需要)

isDiscovering()判断当前是否正在查找设备,是返回true

isEnabled()判断蓝牙是否打开,已打开返回true,否则,返回false

listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String name,UUID uuid)根据名称,UUID创建并返回BluetoothServerSocket,这是创建BluetoothSocket服务器端的第一步

startDiscovery()开始搜索,这是搜索的第一步

2.BluetoothDevice看名字就知道,这个类描述了一个蓝牙设备

createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUIDuuid)根据UUID创建并返回一个BluetoothSocket

这个方法也是我们获取BluetoothDevice的目的——创建BluetoothSocket

这个类其他的方法,如getAddress(),getName(),同BluetoothAdapter

3.BluetoothServerSocket如果去除了Bluetooth相信大家一定再熟悉不过了,既然是Socket,方法就应该都差不多,


这个类一种只有三个方法

两个重载的accept(),accept(inttimeout)两者的区别在于后面的方法指定了过时时间,需要注意的是,执行这两个方法的时候,直到接收到了客户端的请求(或是过期之后),都会阻塞线程,应该放在新线程里运行!

还有一点需要注意的是,这两个方法都返回一个BluetoothSocket,最后的连接也是服务器端与客户端的两个BluetoothSocket的连接

close()这个就不用说了吧,翻译一下——关闭!

4.BluetoothSocket,跟BluetoothServerSocket相对,是客户端


一共5个方法,不出意外,都会用到

close(),关闭

connect()连接

getInptuStream()获取输入流

getOutputStream()获取输出流

getRemoteDevice()获取远程设备,这里指的是获取bluetoothSocket指定连接的那个远程蓝牙设备


蓝牙通讯源码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/he_666/9511565
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