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Python 迭代器和生成器

2016-05-05 00:33 507 查看
list1 = iter([11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99])
print (list1.__next__())
print (list1.__next__())
结果:
11
22
结论:迭代器,只能取next的值。

应用:

fp = open("ha.bak")
for line in fp:
print (line.strip('\n'))
fp.close()

with open("ha.bak",'r') as fp:
for line1 in fp:
print (line1.strip())

在for line in fp中也可以使用for line in fp.readlines()函数,但是这样读起来效率很低,for line in fp可以像迭代器一样,一条一条的读入到内存中,不需要一次性读入。

生成器:

def fab(max):
n = 0
a = 0
b = 1
while n < max:
yield b
#print (b)
a, b = b, a + b
n = n + 1

f = fab(5)
print (f.__next__())
print (f.__next__())
print (f.__next__())
print (f.__next__())
print (f.__next__())
print (f.__next__())
使用yield参数相当于返回这样一个值(b),但是这样的返回不是作为函数的结束而返回的,而是像中断一样,下次你再访问的时候,还是从刚才那个中断开始。 

  1
  1
  2
  3
  5
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/Python/day3/Test.py", line 20, in <module>
  print (f.__next__())
  StopIteration

  查看另外一个例子“

def withdraw(account):
while account > 0:
account -= 100
yield 1
print ("withdraw again")

f = withdraw(500)
print (f.__next__())
print ("first next")
print (f.__next__())
print ("second next")
print (f.__next__())
print ("third next")
print (f.__next__())
print ("fourth next")
print (f.__next__())
print ("fifth next")

  1
  first next
  withdraw again
  1
  second next
  withdraw again
  1
  third next
  withdraw again
  1
  fourth next
  withdraw again
  1
  fifth next

  在这个例子中,每次取100最多只能有五次取钱的机会。在print (f.__next__())函数中间可以增加其他的程序代码,而当迭代器再次回来运行的时候,还是从刚才保存的状态 开始。这样一个生产迭代器的函数叫做生成器。
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