CSS全屏布局的6种方式

前面的话

　　全屏布局在实际工作中是很常用的，比如管理系统、监控平台等。本文将介绍关于全屏布局的6种思路

float

【1】float + calc

　　通过calc()函数计算出.middle元素的高度，并设置子元素高度为100%

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.middle{
overflow: hidden;
height: calc(100% - 100px);
}
.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
height: 100%;
}
.right{
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
.top,.bottom{height:50px;}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

【2】float + absolute + (fix)

　　通过增加结构来提高兼容性，.middle元素设置100%的高度，.top和.bottom设置absolute覆盖在.middle上

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.top,.bottom{
position: absolute;
height:50px;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
.top{top: 0;}
.bottom{bottom: 0;}
.middleWrap{
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}
.middle{
overflow: hidden;
height: 100%;
margin: 50px 0;
}
.left{
float: left;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
height: 100%;
}
.right{
overflow: auto;
height: 100%;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middleWrap">
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

inline-block

【1】inline-block + calc

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.middle{
height: calc(100% - 100px);
font-size: 0;
}
.left,.right{
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 16px;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
height: 100%;
}
.right{
width: calc(100% - 120px);
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
.top,.bottom{height: 50px;}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

【2】inline-block + absolute + (fix)

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.top,.bottom{
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
height: 50px;
}
.top{top: 0;}
.bottom{bottom: 0;}
.middleWrap{
height: 100%;
font-size: 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
.middle{
position: relative;
height: 100%;
margin: 50px 0;
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.rightWrap{
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
font-size: 16px;
}
.left{
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
height: 100%;
}
.rightWrap{
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.right{
height: 100%;
margin-left: 120px;
overflow: auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middleWrap">
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="rightWrap">
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

table

　　水平方向子元素的间距可以用border实现。所有浏览器都不支持给table-cell元素设置overflow属性。firefox和IE11浏览器不支持给table-cell元素的设置100%高度的子元素设置overflow属性

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.top,.bottom{
position: absolute;
width: 100%;
height: 50px;
}
.bottom{bottom: 0;}
.middleWrap{
height: 100%;
overflow: hidden;
}
.middle{
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
display: table;
margin: 50px 0;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left{
display: table-cell;
width: 120px;
border-right: 20px solid lightgray;
}
.rightWrap{
display: table-cell;
height: 100%;
}
.right{
height: 100%;
overflow: auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middleWrap">
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="rightWrap">
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

absolute

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.top,.middle,.bottom{
position: absolute;
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
.top{
top: 0;
height: 50px;
}
.bottom{
bottom: 0;
height: 50px;
}
.middle{
top: 50px;
bottom: 50px;
}
.left,.right{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
.left{
width:100px;
}
.right{
left: 120px;
right: 0;
overflow: auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

flex

　　flex常用于小范围的布局，使用全屏布局时会因为性能问题，出现卡顿现象。如果要使用全屏自适应布局，则只有flex才能达到效果

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.parent{
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.top,.bottom{
height: 50px;
}
.middle{
display: flex;
flex: 1;
}
.left{
width: 100px;
margin-right: 20px;
}
.right{
flex: 1;
overflow: auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

grid

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}
.parent{
display: grid;
grid-template-rows:50px auto 50px;
}
.middle{
overflow:hidden;
display:grid;
grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
grid-gap:20px;
}
.right{
overflow:auto;
}
.right-in{
height: 1000px;
}
</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>top</p>
</div>
<div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">
<div class="right-in">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>bottom</p>
</div>
</div>

总结

　　全屏布局实际上就是两列或三列自适应布局的扩展形式。由于实现的是全屏效果，高度实际上是固定的，所以思路并没有等高布局局限。水平方向元素之间的间距根据实际情况使用margin、padding、border都可以实现