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Python - 字母算术谜题

2016-04-30 00:34 423 查看
如: SEND + MORE == MONEY

   9567 + 1085 == 10652

字母和数字一一对应

首字母不为0

解法:

import re
from itertools import permutations

def solve(puzzle):
puzzle= puzzle.upper()
words = re.findall('[A-Z]+', puzzle)
unique_characters = set(''.join(words))
assert len(unique_characters) <= 10, 'Too many letters'
first_letters = {word[0] for word in words}
n = len(first_letters)
sorted_characters = ''.join(first_letters) + \
''.join(unique_characters - first_letters)
characters = tuple(ord(c) for c in sorted_characters)
digits = tuple(ord(str(c)) for c in range(10))
zero = digits[0]
for guess in permutations(digits, len(characters)):
if zero not in guess[:n]:
equation = puzzle.translate(dict(zip(characters, guess)))
if eval(equation):
return equation

if __name__ == '__main__':
puzzle = "send + more == money"
try:
print(puzzle.upper())
solution = solve(puzzle)
if solution:
print(solution)
else:
print("Nothing match this")
except Exception as e:
print("Error: "+str(e))


几点说明:

itertools.permutations(iterable, r=None) -> 返回 从iterable中取出r个元素的有序组合 的迭代器

  例如:list( permutations([1,2,3], 2) ) ->  [(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2)]

类似的 itertools.combinations(iterable, r=None)  ->   有序组合  

  例如:list( combinations([1,2,3], 2) ) ->  [(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)]

str.translate(map) -> 按照map的对应关系进行字符替换
  map 一般为一个字典,其键和值都是ASCII字符的十进制表示,
    例如 "abc123".translate({97:65, 98:97}) ->  'Aac123'
  map可以通过str.maketrans()生成
    例如:str.maketrans('123', 'abc')  ->  {49: 97, 50: 98, 51: 99}
  本例中是通过ord、zip、dict的方式生成的
    zip(*iterables)  ->  返回一个元组迭代器,
      例如: list( zip([1,2,3], 'abc') )  -> [(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]
          list( zip('ABC', 'xy') )  ->  [('A','x'), ('B', 'y')]  以少的为准
    ord(string) -> int
      例如: ord('a') -> 97   ord('1') -> 49

eval(expression, globals=None, locals=None) ->  把expression字符串解析为Python表达式(就是相当于去掉最外面一层引号)
  例如 eval('1+1')  ->  2 、  eval('1+1==2') -> True  、 eval('"1+1"') -> "1+1"
  
  repr(object) 和eval正好相反,给对象加上一层引号  一般有  eval(repr(object)) == object

  exec(object)  执行存储在字符串中的Python语句
    例如 exec('print("Hello")')  ->  Hello

  
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