二、编译安装mysql-5.5.33

1、准备数据存放的文件系统：

新建一个逻辑卷(过程见链接)，并将其挂载至/mydata/data目录, 做为mysql数据的存放目录。
http://858004880.blog.51cto.com/7265424/1759317

2、新建用户以安全方式运行进程：

1.删除系统原来的mysql用户家目录
[root@web ~]# userdel -rmysql

2.创建mysql系统用户组
[root@web ~]# groupadd -r mysql

3.添加mysql用户到mysql组并且指明路径
[root@web ~]# useradd -g mysql -r -s/sbin/nologin -M -d /mydata/data mysql
useradd[options] LOGIN
-g GID：指明用户所属基本组，可为组名，也可以GID；
-d/PATH/TO/HOME_DIR: 以指定的路径为家目录；
-s SHELL: 指明用户的默认shell程序，可用列表在/etc/shells文件中；
-r: 创建系统用户
-M: 不自动创建用户的家目录
[root@web ~]# tail -2 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:498:499::/mydata/data:/sbin/nologin

4.修改数据文件属主：
[root@web ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql/mydata/data/
[root@web ~]# ll /mydata/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x3 mysql mysql 4096 Apr  1 16:21 data

3、安装并初始化mysql-5.6.29

3.1．安装所需要的 gccgcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl库：

[root@web tools]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses-devel perl

3.2．安装cmrk

[root@web tools]# wget https://cmake.org/files/v3.5/cmake-3.5.0.tar.gz [root@web tools]# tar xf cmake-3.5.0.tar.gz
[root@web tools]# cd cmake-3.5.0
[root@web cmake-3.5.0]# ./bootstrap
[root@webcmake-3.5.0]# gmake && gmake install

3.3．下载解压mysql5.5:

[root@web tools]# wget http://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.48.tar.gz [root@webtool]# tar xf mysql-5.5.48.tar.gz.1

3.4．编译安装：

[root@web tool]# cdmysql-5.5.48
[root@webmysql-5.5.48]#
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock\
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

# make&& make install

3.5．修改mysql目录所有者和组

[root@web mysql-5.5.48]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@webmysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql .

3.6．初始化mysql数据库

# scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/mydata/data --user=mysql

3.7．为mysql提供主配置文件my.cnf：

[root@web mysql]# cp support-files/my-large.cnf/etc/my.cnf

3.8．修改my.cnf

修改此文件中thread_concurrency的值为你的CPU个数乘以2，比如这里使用如下行：
thread_concurrency = 2

另外还需要添加如下行指定mysql数据文件的存放位置：
datadir = /mydata/data

[root@web mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 2
datadir = /mydata/data
innodb_file_per_table = 1
skip_name_resolve = 1

3.9．为mysql提供sysv服务脚本：

[root@web mysql]# cpsupport-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@webmysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

3.10．添加至服务列表：

[root@web mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@webmysql]# chkconfig mysqld on

3.11．输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径：

为了使用mysql的安装符合系统使用规范，并将其开发组件导出给系统使用，这里还需要进行如下步骤：
编辑/etc/man.config，添加如下行即可：
MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man

[root@web mysql]# vim /etc/man.config

#/var/cache/man/.../[locale/]catx/page.x.
# The keyword FHSwill cause this behaviour (and overrides FSSTND).
# Explicitly givencatdirs override.
#
# FSSTND
FHS
#
# This file is alsoread by man in order to find how to call nroff, less, etc.,
# and to determinethe correspondence between extensions and decompressors.
#
# MANBIN                /usr/local/bin/man
#
# Every automaticallygenerated MANPATH includes these fields
#
MANPATH /usr/man
MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANPATH /usr/local/man
MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANPATH /usr/X11R6/man
MANPATH/usr/local/mysql/man

3.12．输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include：

这可以通过简单的创建链接实现：

# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include  /usr/include/mysql

3.13．输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径：

# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

3.14．让系统重新载入系统库：

# ldconfig

3.15．修改PATH环境变量：

编辑/etc/profile，在最后添加：

[root@web mysql]# vim /etc/profile
PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH
export PATH

保存退出；然后执行：

[root@web mysql]# source/etc/profile

环境变量添加成功

3.16. 启动mysql

[root@web mysql]# service mysqld start

3.17．输入mysql命令：

[root@web mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.48-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of theirrespective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clearthe current input statement.

mysql>

mysql默认为空密码！

3.18. 修改MySQL用户root的密码

# 修改密码为test123：
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('test123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected(0.00 sec)

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR'root'@'127.0.0.1' = PASSWORD('test123');
Query OK, 0 rows affected(0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected(0.00 sec)

# 登录：
[root@web html]#mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQLconnection id is 3
Server version:5.5.48-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000,2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is aregistered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Othernames may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h'for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

3.19. 优化mysql，清除无用的MySQL用户及库：

1.查看数据库：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除test库；
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

删除mysql库中无用的用户：
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1       |
|     | localhost |
| root | localhost |
|     | nginx.com |
| root | nginx.com |
+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user root@"::1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@localhost;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user root@nginx.com;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ""@nginx.com;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
删除以上4个无用的用户，只保留2个root@127.0.0.1和root@localhost用户。
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

注意：操作千万要细心，万一不小心删除了root@localhost这个用户，怎么办？
1.我们可以用root@127.0.0.1这个ip账号登录:
[root@nginx ~]# mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -uroot-p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.48-log Sourcedistribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.

2.登录进来以后，再用grant命令来创建root@localhost用户，并且赋予root权限：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@localhost identified by 'test123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit
Bye

3.我们再root账号在本地进行登录
[root@nginx ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.48-log Sourcedistribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.
我们在本地用root账号成功登录！

4.查看用户：
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host      |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Root@localhost用户已经添加进来了！

mysql-5.5编译安装成功！