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Junit使用教程--整合spring测试套件

2016-04-28 18:27 621 查看
一、会用Spring测试套件的好处

在开发基于Spring的应用时,如果你还直接使用Junit进行单元测试,那你就错过了Spring为我们所提供的饕餮大餐了。使用Junit直接进行单元测试有以下四大不足:

1)导致多次Spring容器初始化问题

根据JUnit测试方法的调用流程,每执行一个测试方法都会创建一个测试用例的实例并调用setUp()方法。由于一般情况下,我们在setUp()方法中初始化Spring容器,这意味着如果测试用例有多少个测试方法,Spring容器就会被重复初始化多次。虽然初始化Spring容器的速度并不会太慢,但由于可能会在Spring容器初始化时执行加载Hibernate映射文件等耗时的操作,如果每执行一个测试方法都必须重复初始化Spring容器,则对测试性能的影响是不容忽视的;

使用Spring测试套件,Spring容器只会初始化一次

2)需要使用硬编码方式手工获取Bean

在测试用例类中我们需要通过ctx.getBean()方法从Spirng容器中获取需要测试的目标Bean,并且还要进行强制类型转换的造型操作。这种乏味的操作迷漫在测试用例的代码中,让人觉得烦琐不堪;

使用Spring测试套件,测试用例类中的属性会被自动填充Spring容器的对应Bean,无须在手工设置Bean!

3)数据库现场容易遭受破坏

测试方法对数据库的更改操作会持久化到数据库中。虽然是针对开发数据库进行操作,但如果数据操作的影响是持久的,可能会影响到后面的测试行为。举个例子,用户在测试方法中插入一条ID为1的User记录,第一次运行不会有问题,第二次运行时,就会因为主键冲突而导致测试用例失败。所以应该既能够完成功能逻辑检查,又能够在测试完成后恢复现场,不会留下“后遗症”;

使用Spring测试套件,Spring会在你验证后,自动回滚对数据库的操作,保证数据库的现场不被破坏,因此重复测试不会发生问题!

4)不方便对数据操作正确性进行检查

假如我们向登录日志表插入了一条成功登录日志,可是我们却没有对t_login_log表中是否确实添加了一条记录进行检查。一般情况下,我们可能是打开数据库,肉眼观察是否插入了相应的记录,但这严重违背了自动测试的原则。试想在测试包括成千上万个数据操作行为的程序时,如何用肉眼进行检查?

只要你继承Spring的测试套件的用例类,你就可以通过jdbcTemplate(或Dao等)在同一事务中访问数据库,查询数据的变化,验证操作的正确性!

Spring提供了一套扩展于Junit测试用例的测试套件,使用这套测试套件完全解决了以上四个问题,让我们测试Spring的应用更加方便。这个测试套件主要由org.springframework.test包下的若干类组成,使用简单快捷,方便上手。

二、使用方法

1)基本用法

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package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })

public class UserServiceTest {

@Resource

private IUserService userService;

@Test

public void testAddOpinion1() {

userService.downloadCount(1);

System.out.println(1);

}

@Test

public void testAddOpinion2() {

userService.downloadCount(2);

System.out.println(2);

}

}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) 用于配置spring中测试的环境

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })用于指定配置文件所在的位置

@Resource注入Spring容器Bean对象,注意与@Autowired区别

2)事务用法

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package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })

@Transactional

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")

//@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = true)

public class UserServiceTest {

@Resource

private IUserService userService;

@Test

// @Transactional

public void testAddOpinion1() {

userService.downloadCount(1);

System.out.println(1);

}

@Test

@Rollback(false)

public void testAddOpinion2() {

userService.downloadCount(2);

System.out.println(2);

}

}

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager="transactionManager")读取Spring配置文件中名为transactionManager的事务配置,defaultRollback为事务回滚默认设置。该注解是可选的,可使用@Transactional与@Rollback配合完成事务管理。当然也可以使用@Transactional与@TransactionConfiguration配合。

@Transactional开启事务。可放到类或方法上,类上作用于所有方法。

@Rollback事务回滚配置。只能放到方法上。

3)继承AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests

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package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;

import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)

public class UserServiceTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

@Resource

private IUserService userService;

@Test

public void testAddOpinion1() {

userService.downloadCount(1);

System.out.println(1);

}

@Test

public void testAddOpinion2() {

userService.downloadCount(2);

System.out.println(2);

}

}

AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests:这个类为我们解决了在web.xml中配置OpenSessionInview所解决的session生命周期延长的问题,所以要继承这个类。该类已经在类级别预先配置了好了事物支持,因此不必再配置@Transactional和@RunWith

4)继承

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package com.test;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests;

import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:config/applicationContext-*.xml", "classpath:services/ext/service-*.xml" })

@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager")

public class BaseTestCase extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

}

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package com.test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;

import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;

public class UserServiceTest extends BaseTestCase {

@Resource

private IUserService userService;

@Test

public void testAddOpinion1() {

userService.downloadCount(1);

System.out.println(1);

}

@Test

@Rollback(false)

public void testAddOpinion2() {

userService.downloadCount(2);

System.out.println(2);

}

}

5)综合

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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration

@TransactionConfiguration

@Transactional

public class PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest extends AbstractTransactionalJUnit4SpringContextTests {

final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonDaoTransactionUnitTest.class);

protected static int SIZE = 2;

protected static Integer ID = new Integer(1);

protected static String FIRST_NAME = "Joe";

protected static String LAST_NAME = "Smith";

protected static String CHANGED_LAST_NAME = "Jackson";

@Autowired

protected PersonDao personDao = null;

/**

* Tests that the size and first record match what is expected before the transaction.

*/

@BeforeTransaction

public void beforeTransaction() {

testPerson(true, LAST_NAME);

}

/**

* Tests person table and changes the first records last name.

*/

@Test

public void testHibernateTemplate() throws SQLException {

assertNotNull("Person DAO is null.", personDao);

Collection<Person> lPersons = personDao.findPersons();

assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersons);

assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersons.size());

for (Person person : lPersons) {

assertNotNull("Person is null.", person);

if (ID.equals(person.getId())) {

assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, person.getFirstName());

assertEquals("Person last name should be " + LAST_NAME + ".", LAST_NAME, person.getLastName());

person.setLastName(CHANGED_LAST_NAME);

personDao.save(person);

}

}

}

/**

* Tests that the size and first record match what is expected after the transaction.

*/

@AfterTransaction

public void afterTransaction() {

testPerson(false, LAST_NAME);

}

/**

* Tests person table.

*/

protected void testPerson(boolean beforeTransaction, String matchLastName) {

List<Map<String, Object>> lPersonMaps = simpleJdbcTemplate.queryForList("SELECT * FROM PERSON");

assertNotNull("Person list is null.", lPersonMaps);

assertEquals("Number of persons should be " + SIZE + ".", SIZE, lPersonMaps.size());

Map<String, Object> hPerson = lPersonMaps.get(0);

logger.debug((beforeTransaction ? "Before" : "After") + " transaction. " + hPerson.toString());

Integer id = (Integer) hPerson.get("ID");

String firstName = (String) hPerson.get("FIRST_NAME");

String lastName = (String) hPerson.get("LAST_NAME");

if (ID.equals(id)) {

assertEquals("Person first name should be " + FIRST_NAME + ".", FIRST_NAME, firstName);

assertEquals("Person last name should be " + matchLastName + ".", matchLastName, lastName);

}

}

}

@BeforeTransaction在事务之前执行

@AfterTransaction在事务之后执行

@NotTransactional不开启事务
http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/9631193
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