11g: SQL Fundamentals I 1Z0-051

Oracle Database 11g: SQL Fundamentals I 1Z0-051

https://education.oracle.com/pls/web_prod-plq-dad/db_pages.getpage?page_id=5001&get_params=p_exam_id:1Z0-051

Exam Topic

Retrieving Data Using the SQL SELECT Statement

List the capabilities of SQL SELECT statements

A SELECT statement retrieves information from the database, you can use selection capability in SQL to choose the columns in a table that you want returned by your query.

Execute a basic SELECT statement
Restricting and Sorting Data

Limit the rows that are retrieved by a query

1. Select top 10 * from table 2. Select * from table where rownum<=10 order by name 3. Need to clarify SELECT * FROM sometable ORDER BY name OFFSET 20 ROWS FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY;

Sort the rows that are retrieved by a query
Use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime

single-ampersand (&) and double-ampersand (&&) set define off; select * from customers where PHONE='&id'; set define on;   -- single-ampersand is a variable select * from customers where FIRST_NAME='&fn' and LAST_NAME='&ln';

Using Single-Row Functions to Customize Output

Describe various types of functions available in SQL
Use character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements

http://dong-dong.iteye.com/blog/1459260

Using Conversion Functions and Conditional Expressions

Describe various types of conversion functions that are available in SQL
Use the TO_CHAR, TO_NUMBER, and TO_DATE conversion functions
Apply conditional expressions in a SELECT statement
Reporting Aggregated Data Using the Group Functions

使用组函数报告汇总数据

Identify the available group functions
Describe the use of group functions
Group data by using the GROUP BY clause
Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause
Displaying Data from Multiple Tables

Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using equijoins and nonequijoins
Join a table to itself by using a self-join
View data that generally does not meet a join condition by using outer joins
Generate a Cartesian product of all rows from two or more tables
Using Subqueries to Solve Queries

Define subqueries
Describe the types of problems that the subqueries can solve
List the types of subqueries

1.single-row subquery 2.multiple-row subquery exists,in 3.multiple-column exists,in 4. correlate sub-query 5. sub-query's sub-query

Write single-row and multiple-row subqueries
Using the Set Operators

Describe set operators

SET OPERATORS(UNION, UNION ALL, MINUS, INTERSECT) minus : return first_table records without second_talbe intersect: 取交集

Use a set operator to combine multiple queries into a single query
Control the order of rows returned
Manipulating Data

Describe each data manipulation language (DML) statement
Insert rows into a table
Update rows in a table
Delete rows from a table
Control transactions
Using DDL Statements to Create and Manage Tables

DDL(Data Definition Language) (create alter drop rename truncate comment)

DCL(Data Control Language) (grant revoke)

TCL(Transaction Control) (commit rollback savepoint)

Categorize the main database objects
Review the table structure
List the data types that are available for columns
Create a simple table
Explain how constraints are created at the time of table creation

1.primary key 2. check 3. not null 4.reference - foreign key create table order_status( order_status_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT default_pk PRIMARY KEY, status VARCHAR2(20) DEFAULT 'Order Placed' NOT NULL, last_modified DATE DEFAULT SYSDATE, last_upd_id INTEGER CONSTRAINT ck_upd_id CHECK (last_upd_id>10) );

Describe how schema objects work
Creating Other Schema Objects

Create simple and complex views
Retrieve data from views
Create, maintain, and use sequences

drop sequence seq_depid; create sequence seq_depid increment by 1 start with 1 nomaxvalue   -- not set max value nocycle      -- nocycle or cycle - end at 10000 cache 10;    -- cache or nocache, incase lose sequence, set it as nocache select seq_depid.currval,seq_depid.nextval from dual; alter sequence seq_depid increment by 1 -- start with 1  -- cannot alter starting sequence number, or need drop sequence and recreate sequence maxvalue 1000 cycle nocache;

Create and maintain indexes

Create table test_uid(name varchar2(10),     constraint TEST_UID_PK PRIMARY KEY(NAME)    USING INDEX (Create unique index uid_test_uid on test_uid(name) tablespace TABLESPACE2);   ); or create table testone( name varchar2(10 char) ) TABLESPACE1; ALTER TABLE TESTONE ADD CONSTRAINT  PK_TESTONE1 PRIMARY KEY(NAME) USING INDEX TABLESPACE TABLESPACE2;

Create private and public synonyms

create or replace public/private synonyms synonyms_name for schema.tablename