python连接数据库操作MySQL

参考
:http://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001374738125095c955c1e6d8bb493182103fac9270762a000/001391435131816c6a377e100ec4d43b3fc9145f3bb8056000
http://www.cnblogs.com/fnng/p/3565912.html
一 模块
mysql-connector-python：是MySQL官方的纯Python驱动；
MySQL-python：是封装了MySQL C驱动的Python驱动。
可以把两个都装上，使用的时候再决定用哪个：

$ pip install  mysql-connector-python
pip install  MySQL-python

或者 使用yum安装(包名我忘记了 可以是使用yum search mysql去找)

二、数据库中的表
show create table net_data; 可以查看

CREATE TABLE `net_data` (
`_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`create_date` datetime NOT NULL,
`province` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`city` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`net_type` enum('CTC','CNC','CMC','JK') NOT NULL,
`med` float NOT NULL,
`loss` float NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=15 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

三 先看插入的实例吧

作用，连接数据库插入一条数据

数据库插入一条数据

import MySQLdb
....
....
def insert_into_mysql(info):
conn= MySQLdb.Connect(
host='localhost',
port = 3306,
user='root',
passwd='12qwaszx',
db ='netmap',
charset='utf8',
)
cur = conn.cursor()
sqli = "insert into net_data (create_date,province,city,net_type,med,loss) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
cur.execute(sqli,(datetime.now(),'上海','上海','CTC','23','0'))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

同时插入多条数据

#info type is list 列表
def insert_into_mysql(info):
conn= MySQLdb.Connect(
host='localhost',
port = 3306,
user='root',
passwd='12qwaszx',
db ='netmap',
charset='utf8',
)
cur = conn.cursor()
sqli = "insert into net_data (create_date,province,city,net_type,med,loss) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"
cur.executemany(sqli,(info))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

四、查询实例(完成程序的一部分，完成的是一个统计报表发送的邮件的程序)

#!/usr/bin/env python
#encoding=utf8
#by cuizhiliang at 2016-04-29
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import time
from jinja2 import Template
from sendmail import SendHtmlEmail
import MySQLdb
import os,sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")
g= {
'host': '127.0.0.1',
'port': 3306,
'user': 'zabbix',
'password': 'zabbix',
'db':'zabbix',
}
now= datetime.now()
yesterday = now - timedelta(1)
yest_clock = (datetime.now()  -timedelta(1)).strftime('%s')
data = {}
def select_mysql(cmd):
conn= MySQLdb.Connect(
host= g['host'],
port= g['port'],
user= g['user'],
passwd= g['password'],
db =g['db'],
charset='utf8',
)
#print cmd
cur = conn.cursor()
cur.execute(cmd)
res =cur.fetchall()
return res
#zabbix 上用户列表
def get_user_info():
cmd="select userid, alias,  name, type  from users;"
user_list = []
user_list= list(select_mysql(cmd))
print user_list
return user_list
if __name__ == "__main__":

data["user"]= get_user_info()

五、注意:
1 插入数据库中文乱码 连接数据的字符集 一定要设定

charset='utf8'

2 不惯数据库中的字段是datetime类型还是int类型，在插入的时候都传为%s 字符串类型，类型对我们是透明了，模块会自动处理类型！

3 模块在mac中可能会出错 MySQLdb

报错:
Traceback (most recent call last): File "ping_info.py", line 12, in <module> import MySQLdb File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module> import _mysqlImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so Reason: image not found

解决方法，因为是C语言开发驱动，所有依赖mysql客户端模块
sudo find / -name "libmysqlclient.18.dylib"/usr/local/mysql-5.6.24-osx10.8-x86_64/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylibsudo cp /usr/local/mysql-5.6.24-osx10.8-x86_64/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib