oracle基本建表语句

--创建用户

create user han identified by han default tablespace

users Temporary TABLESPACE Temp;

grant connect,resource,dba to han; //授予用户han开发人员的权利

--------------------对表的操作--------------------------

--创建表

create table classes(

       id number(9) not null primary key,

       classname varchar2(40) not null

)     

--查询表

select * from classes;

--删除表

drop table students;

--删除其中一条数据

delete from classes where id='1';

--插入数据

insert into classes values(1,'软件');

insert into classes values(2,'软件2');

insert into classes values(11,'软件11');

commit;

--切换用户

SQL> conn sqoop/密码

Connected.

SQL> show user

USER is "sqoop"

--在Oracle怎样查询表中的top10条记录

select * from test where rownum <=10

--修改表的名称

rename alist_table_copy to alist_table;

--显示表结构

describe test --不对没查到

-----------------------对字段的操作-----------------------------------

--增加列

alter table test add address varchar2(40);

--删除列

alter table test drop column address;

--修改列的名称

alter table test modify address addresses varchar(40;

--修改列的属性

alter table test modi

create table test1(

       id number(9) primary key not null,

       name varchar2(34)

      )

rename test2 to test;

--创建自增的序列

create sequence class_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

select class_seq.currval from dual

--插入数据

insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'软件一班')

commit;

--更新数据

update stu_account set username='aaa' where count_id=2;

commit;

--创建唯一索引

create unique index username on stu_account(username);   --唯一索引不能插入相同的数据

--行锁 在新打开的对话中不能对此行进行操作

select * from stu_account t where t.count_id=2 for update; --行锁

--alter table stuinfo modify sty_id to stu_id;

alter table students drop constraint class_fk;

alter table students add constraint class_fk foreign key (class_id) references classes(id);--外键约束

alter table stuinfo add constraint stu_fk foreign key (stu_id) references students(id) ON DELETE CASCADE;--外键约束,级联删除

alter table stuinfo drop constant stu_fk;   

insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'张三',1,sysdate);

insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'威海');

select * from stuinfo;

create table zhuce(

       zc_id number(9) not null primary key,

       stu_id number(9) not null,

       zhucetime date default sysdate

)

create table feiyong (

       fy_id number(9) not null primary key,

       stu_id number(9) not null,

       mx_id number(9) not null,

       yijiao number(7,2) not null default 0,

       qianfei number(7,2) not null

      

)

create talbe fymingxi(

       mx_id number(9) not null primary key,

       feiyong number(7,2) not null,     //共7位数字，小数后有两位

       class_id number(9) not null

}

create table card(

       card_id number(9) primary key,

       stu_id number(9) not null,

       money number(7,2) not null default 0,

       status number(1) not null default 0   --0表可用,1表挂失

)

--链表查询

select c.classname||'_'||s.stu_name as 班级_姓名,si.address from classes c,students s , stuinfo si where c.id=s.class_id and s.id=si.stu_id;

insert into students values(stu_seq.nextval,'李四',1,sysdate);

insert into stuinfo values(stu_seq.currval,'南京');

--函数

select rownum,id,stu_name from students t order by id asc;

--中间表实现多对多关联

--（1   1， 1   n，n 1，n n ）

--1 n的描述   1的表不作处理   n的表有1表的字段

--1 1的描述   主外键关联

--n n的描述 中间表实现多对多关联

create　table course(

         course_id number(9) not null,

         couser_name varchar2(40) not null

)

alter table course to couse;

create table stu_couse(

       stu_couse_id number(9) primary key,

       stu_id number(9) not null,

       couse_id number(9) not null

)

create unique index stu_couse_unq on stu_couse(stu_id,couse_id); --唯一学生

create sequence stu_couse_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

create sequence couses_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'计算机原理');

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'编译原理');

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'数据库原理');

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'数据结构');

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'计算机基础');

insert into course values(couses_seq.nextval,'C语言初步');

commit;

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,1);

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,3);

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,1,5);

insert into stu_couse values(stu_couse_seq.nextval,2,1);

commit;

select * from stu_couse;

select * from course;

--select s.stu_name,sc.couse_id, c.couser_name from students s,course c,stu_couse sc where stu_id=1

--select couse_id from stu_couse where stu_id=1

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couser_name from stu_couse sc, students s,course c,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.course_id and s.class_id=cl.id and s.id=1;

--班级——姓名

select c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=2;

select * from students s where s.id=2

--班级——姓名——课程

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.id=26;

--sql 语句的写法，现写出关联到的表，然后写出要查找的字段，第三 写出关联条件   ，记住在写关联到的表时先写数据多的表，这样有助于提高sql的效率

select c.couser_name,s.stu_name from stu_couse sc,students s,course c where c.course_id=1 and c.course_id=sc.couse_id and sc.stu_id=s.id;

select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;

select c.classname,count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes c where s.class_id=c.id and s.id=sc.stu_id group by c.classname;

select s.stu_name, count(sc.couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id group by s.id,s.stu_name having count(sc.stu_couse_id)>3;

班级 学生 选课数量

select cl.classname,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by cl.classname;

--班级 学生 选课数量

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where s.id=sc.stu_id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc ,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.id;

select cl.classname,s.stu_name,count(sc.stu_couse_id) from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl where sc.stu_id=s.id and s.class_id=cl.id group by s.stu_name;

--班级 学生 所选课程id 所选课程名称

--创建试图 目的把表联合起来 然后看成一个表，在与其他的联合进行查询

create view xsxk as select cl.classname, s.stu_name,c.couse_id, c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,classes cl,couse c where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and s.class_id=cl.id;

select * from xsxk

create view classstu as select s.id,c.classname,s.stu_name from students s,classes c where c.id=s.class_id;

drop view classstu; --删除视图

select * from classstu;

create view stu_couse_view as select s.id ,c.couse_name from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id;

select * from stu_couse_view;

create view csc as select cs.classname,cs.stu_name,scv.couse_name from classstu cs,stu_couse_view scv where cs.id=scv.id;

select * from csc;

select * from classes cross join students; --全连接，相当于select * from classes,students;

select * from classes cl left join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --左连接 不管左表有没有 都显示出来

select * from classes cl right join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --右连接

select * from classes cl full join students s on cl.id=s.class_id; --全连接

insert into classes values(class_seq.nextval,'软件四班');

create table sales(

       nian varchar2(4),

       yeji number(5)

      

);

insert into sales values('2001',200);

insert into sales values('2002',300);

insert into sales values('2003',400);

insert into sales values('2004',500);

commit;

select * from sales;

drop table sale;

select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian order by s1.nian desc;

select s1.nian,sum(s2.yeji) from sales s1,sales s2 where s1.nian>=s2.nian group by s1.nian;

s

       年       年业绩总和

       2001     200

       2002     500

       2003     900

       2004     1400

create table test1(

       t_id number(4)

);

create table org(

       org_id number(9) not null primary key,

       org_name varchar2(40) not null,

       parent_id number(9)

);

create sequence org_seq increment by 1 start with 1 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCYCLE NOCACHE;

drop sequence org_seq;

insert into org values(1,'华建集团',0);

insert into org values(2,'华建集团一分公司',1);

insert into org values(3,'华建集团二分公司',1);

insert into org values(4,'华建集团财务部',1);

insert into org values(5,'华建集团工程部',1);

insert into org values(6,'华建集团一分公司财务处',2);

insert into org values(7,'华建集团一分公司工程处',2);

select * from org;

--不正确 不能实现循环

select b.org_id , b.org_name ,b.parent_id from org a,org b where a.org_id=7 and a.parent_id=b.org_id;

select * from org connect by prior parent_id=org_id start with org_id=7 order by org_id;

select * from org connect by prior org_id=parent_id start with org_id=1 order by org_id;

create table chengji(

       cj_id number(9) not null primary key,

       stu_cou_id number(9) not null,

       fen number(4,1)

      

);

insert into chengji values(1,1,62);

insert into chengji values(2,2,90);

insert into chengji values(3,3,85);

insert into chengji values(4,4,45);

insert into chengji values(5,5,68);

insert into chengji values(6,6,87);

commit;

select * from chengji;

select * from stu_couse;

--在oracle 中好像不适用 alter table chengji change stu_cou_id stu_couse_id;alter table shop_jb change price1 price double;

学生姓名   平均分

select s.stu_name,avg(cj.fen) from stu_couse sc,chengji cj,students s where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;

select s.stu_name from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id group by s.id,s.stu_name;

select s.stu_name,cj.fen from students s,stu_couse sc,chengji cj where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60;

学生姓名   科目   成绩

select s.stu_name,c.couse_name,cj.fen from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60 order by=;

select * from stu_couse;

--集合运算

--选择了课程3的学生   union 选择了课程5的学生   并集

--选择了课程3 或者 选择了课程5的学生

select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3

union

select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=5

--选择了课程3，5，2 的学生 intersect 选择课程1，2，4的学生    交集

--求选择了课程 2 并且 选择了课程 3 的学生   交集

select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=2

intersect

select s.stu_name from students s,couse c,stu_couse sc where s.id=sc.stu_id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and c.couse_id=3;

--选择了课程3，5，8的学生   minus 选择了课程1，7，8的学生   --差集

-- 求所有课程的成绩都大于 60 的学生 差集

select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen>60

minus

select distinct(s.stu_name) from stu_couse sc,students s,couse c,chengji cj where sc.stu_id=s.id and sc.couse_id=c.couse_id and sc.stu_couse_id=cj.stu_couse_id and cj.fen<60;

转载：http://blog.163.com/jian__1216/blog/static/1712491512010820103733340/