poj Binomial Coefficients (Lucas定理)
2016-04-12 18:00
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Binomial Coefficients
Description
The binomial coefficient C(n, k) has been extensively studied for its importance in combinatorics. Binomial coefficients can be recursively defined as follows:
C(n, 0) = C(n, n) = 1 for all
n > 0;
C(n, k) = C(n − 1, k − 1) +
C(n − 1, k) for all 0 < k < n.
Given n and k, you are to determine the parity of C(n,
k).
Input
The input contains multiple test cases. Each test case consists of a pair of integers
n and k (0 ≤ k ≤ n < 231,
n > 0) on a separate line.
End of file (EOF) indicates the end of input.
Output
For each test case, output one line containing either a “
C(n, k) divided by two.
Sample Input
Sample Output
Source
//题意:
给出C(n,k)的计算规则:
C(n, 0) = C(n, n) = 1 for all
n > 0;
C(n, k) = C(n − 1, k − 1) +
C(n − 1, k) for all 0 < k < n.
要判断C(n,k)是否模2为1(即C(n,k)为奇数),由Lucas定理可知,C(n,k)mod 2=C(a[m],b[m])×C(a[m-1],b[m-1)×...×C(a[0],b[0])mod 2,其中,a[m]a[m-1]...a[0],b[m]b[m-1]...b[0]分别为n,k的二进制表示。所以我们只需保证
n二进制位上为0的点 对应的 k二进制位上的该位置的值 不为1即可(C(0,1)=0,C(0,0)=C(1,0)=C(1,1)=1)。注意到0&1=0,0&0=0,1&0=0,1&1=1,即,只有存在C(0,1)时,n和k做位与运算后得到的值才和k不相等,那么如果不存在C(0,1),即C(n,k)为奇数时,n&k是等于k的。
Time Limit: 1000MS | Memory Limit: 131072K | |
Total Submissions: 6819 | Accepted: 2844 |
The binomial coefficient C(n, k) has been extensively studied for its importance in combinatorics. Binomial coefficients can be recursively defined as follows:
C(n, 0) = C(n, n) = 1 for all
n > 0;
C(n, k) = C(n − 1, k − 1) +
C(n − 1, k) for all 0 < k < n.
Given n and k, you are to determine the parity of C(n,
k).
Input
The input contains multiple test cases. Each test case consists of a pair of integers
n and k (0 ≤ k ≤ n < 231,
n > 0) on a separate line.
End of file (EOF) indicates the end of input.
Output
For each test case, output one line containing either a “
0” or a “
1”, which is the remainder of
C(n, k) divided by two.
Sample Input
1 1 1 0 2 1
Sample Output
1 1 0
Source
//题意:
给出C(n,k)的计算规则:
C(n, 0) = C(n, n) = 1 for all
n > 0;
C(n, k) = C(n − 1, k − 1) +
C(n − 1, k) for all 0 < k < n.
要判断C(n,k)是否模2为1(即C(n,k)为奇数),由Lucas定理可知,C(n,k)mod 2=C(a[m],b[m])×C(a[m-1],b[m-1)×...×C(a[0],b[0])mod 2,其中,a[m]a[m-1]...a[0],b[m]b[m-1]...b[0]分别为n,k的二进制表示。所以我们只需保证
n二进制位上为0的点 对应的 k二进制位上的该位置的值 不为1即可(C(0,1)=0,C(0,0)=C(1,0)=C(1,1)=1)。注意到0&1=0,0&0=0,1&0=0,1&1=1,即,只有存在C(0,1)时,n和k做位与运算后得到的值才和k不相等,那么如果不存在C(0,1),即C(n,k)为奇数时,n&k是等于k的。
#include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<math.h> #include<set> #include<map> #include<queue> #include<stack> #include<algorithm> #include<iostream> #define INF 0x3f3f3f3f #define ull unsigned long long #define ll long long #define IN __int64 #define N 110 #define M 1000000007 using namespace std; int main() { ll n,k; while(scanf("%lld%lld",&n,&k)!=EOF) { if((n&k)==k) printf("1\n"); else printf("0\n"); } return 0; }
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