10、Mysql的主从复制

1、Mysql主从复制的优点

如果主服务器出现问题,可以快速的切换到从服务器提供服务
可以在从服务器上执行查询操作,降低主服务器的访问压力
可以在从服务器上执行备份,以避免备份期间影响主服务器的服务
注意,一般只有更新不繁琐的数据或者对实时性要求不高的数据可以通过从服务器查询,实时性要求高的数据仍然需要到主服务器数据库获取

2、My主服务器的配置

2.1 主服务的IP地址

ifconfig  #查看IP地址
eth0   Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:92:E5:B7  
     inet addr:192.168.1.111 Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

2.2 主服务器的mysql的配置文件的配置

[mysql]
port=3306
#default-character-set=utf-8

[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#dir
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
tmpdir=/tmp
lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/share
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/slow.log
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin             #一定要配置,用于开启mysql二进制日志
server_id=1                                        #一定要配置,在做主从复制的时候,用于区分
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

2.3 主服务器的mysql建立一个数据库test_bin,并备份,然后将备份文件传到从服务器

2.3.1 建立一个数据库test_bin

create database test_bin;
use test_bin;
create table table_bin
( id int
);
insert into table_bin values(1),(2),(3);

select * from table_bin;

+------+

| id |

+------+

| 1 |

| 2 |

| 3 |

+------+

2.3.2 备份数据库test_bin，并传给从服务器SCP

[root@localhost Desktop]#  mysqldump -u root -p1234 test_bin -l -F > /etc/test_bin.sql
[root@localhost Desktop]# scp /etc/test_bin.sql 192.168.1.157:/etc
The authenticity of host '192.168.1.157 (192.168.1.157)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 07:07:8e:1c:c0:7e:7f:1f:ca:6a:e6:d3:cb:7f:b7:a1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.1.157' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.1.157's password: 
test_bin.sql                                  100% 1827     1.8KB/s   00:00 

2.4 授权在从服务器登录的,用于主从复制的用户

mysql>  grant all  on *.* to user1@% identified by "345";
或者下面的
mysql>  grant replication slave on *.* to user1@192.168.1.157 identified by "345";

2.5 查看主服务器的log-bin日志

mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 |      570 |              |                  |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+---------------

3、从服务器的配置

3.1 从服务器的IP地址

[root@localhost log]# ifconfig
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:F0:6E:6F
inet addr:192.168.1.157  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

3.2 从服务器的mysql的配置文件

[mysql]
port=3306
#default-character-set=utf-8

[client]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#dir
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
tmpdir=/tmp
lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/share
slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/log/slow.log
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin   #一定要配置,用于开启mysql二进制日志
server_id=3                              #一定要配置,在做主从复制的时候,用于区分
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

3.3 还原主服务器的mysql备份的数据库test_bin

mysql -u root -p1234 test_bin < /etc/test_bin.sql

3.4 设置主从复制的实现

mysql> stop slave;
mysql> change master to master_host="192.168.1.111",
    -> master_user="user1",master_password="345",
    -> master_port=3306,master_log_file="mysql-bin.000002",
    -> master_log_pos=570;
mysql> start slave;
mysql>show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.111
                  Master_User: user1
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 570
               Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 570
              Relay_Log_Space: 460
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 76e0dc08-fb2f-11e5-b376-000c2992e5b7
             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

表示成功

4、测试主从复制

4.1主服务器的操作

mysql> insert into table_bb values(4),(5);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from table_bb;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|    2 |
|    3 |
|    4 |
|    5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.2从服务器的查询

mysql> select * from table_bb;
+------+
| id   |
+------+
|    1 |
|    2 |
|    3 |
|    4 |
|    5 |
+------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通过测试结果,发现主从复制成功.