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Android移动应用开发中常见的经验技巧总结

2016-04-01 17:52 716 查看

1. 对话保持的解决方案。

要求:

1、app中使用webview访问具体网站的内容,但是app与服务器的沟通是使用HttpUrlConnection来完成。

2、webview访问时不需要再次登陆,继承app的登陆状态。

对话未保持的现象:、



1、 虽然app已经登录服务器,但是在webview中还是提示需要登录。
2、app下一次对服务器的请求也会失败,提示session过期。


解决方案:

1、获取到HttpUrlConnection中服务器返回的session id。

2、本地保存session id,每次对服务器的请求,手动添加。

3、将此session id设置到持有webview的activity中的CookieManager里。

关键代码:

网络处理类  NetHelper

/**
* 发送登陆请求,并将SESSIONID保存起来
* @param urlPath 登陆请求的地址
* @return 返回的内容
* */
public static String login(String urlPath)  {

......省略号......

try {
URL url = new URL(urlPath);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

//设置请求方式
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
//            conn.setReadTimeout(5000);

int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
cookList = conn.getHeaderFields().get("Set-Cookie");
if ((sessionId == null) && (cookList != null)) {
for (String value : cookList) {
if ((value != null) && (value.toUpperCase().indexOf(";") > 0)) {
sessionId = value.split(";")[0];
}
}
}

......省略号......

}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
......省略号......
}/**
* 发送一条请求,将内容以字符串返回
* @param urlPath 请求的地址
* @return 返回的内容
* */
public static String request(String urlPath) {

......省略号......

try {
URL url = new URL(urlPath);
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
if(sessionId !=null ){
conn.setRequestProperty("Cookie",sessionId);
}
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
//          conn.setReadTimeout(5000);

......省略号......

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

......省略号......

}持有webview的Activity  MainActivity

private CookieManager cookieManager;

cookieManager = CookieManager.getInstance();
cookieManager.setAcceptCookie(true);
clearSession();

private void clearSession() {
if (NetHelper.cookList != null) {
cookieManager.removeSessionCookie();
}
}

//在第一次请求的时候,设置一次session即可
private void setSession(String url) {
if (NetHelper.cookList != null) {
String values = NetHelper.cookList.toString();
cookieManager.setCookie(url, values); //设置cookie
CookieSyncManager.getInstance().sync(); //同步
}
}


2. 自定义控件的实现方案

自定义控件的实现方式(详细内容可以参考压缩包中的<自定义控件.pdf>):

1、继承方式

当简单控件不满足需求时,通过继承重写简单控件,实现对控件的定制。

2、组合方式

当单个控件不满足需求时,可以采用多个控件的组合,实现对控件的定制。

3、控件自绘方式

通过继承自view,重写onDraw方法实现。

项目中的具体应用:

1、登录邮箱的自动补全功能实现(纯代码实现布局)。

2、弹窗滚轮的实现(代码加布局文件)

3、TabButton的实现(两种实现方式)

A、 登录邮箱的自动补全功能实现:

效果:



实现原理:

1、继承重写简单控件AutoCompleteTextView

2、编写自定义数据适配器和布局文件,并实现文字变化监听器

3、通过组合方式,实现右侧的删除图标。并根据焦点和文字的变化,动态显示右侧删除图标。

1、通过继承自简单控件AutoCompleteTextView实现帐号自动补全

关键代码:

public class AutoComplete extends AutoCompleteTextView {

private static final String[] emailSuffix = {
"@qq.com", "@163.com", "@126.com", "@gmail.com", "@sina.com", "@hotmail.com",
"@yahoo.cn", "@sohu.com", "@foxmail.com", "@139.com", "@yeah.net", "@vip.qq.com",
"@vip.sina.com"};

......省略号......

//构造函数原型要正确,留给系统调用

public AutoComplete(Context context) {
super(context);
mContext = context;
}

public AutoComplete(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
mContext = context;
}

public void init(ImageView imageView) {
mImageView = imageView;
final MyAdatper adapter = new MyAdatper(mContext);
setAdapter(adapter);
addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
@Override
public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
if (isTextWatch) {
String input = s.toString();

......省略号......

adapter.clearList(); //注意要清空数据,根据输入的变化,自动生成数据
if (input.length() > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < emailSuffix.length; ++i) {
adapter.addListData(input + emailSuffix[i]);
}
}
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
showDropDown();//该行代码会造成崩溃
}
}
});
//当输入一个字符的时候就开始检测
setThreshold(1);
}

private class ViewHolder {
TextView tv_Text;
}

class MyAdatper extends BaseAdapter implements Filterable {
private List<String> mList;
private Context mContext;
private MyFilter mFilter;

......省略号......

public void clearList() {
mList.clear();
}

public void addListData(String strData) {
mList.add(strData);
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;

if (convertView == null) {
view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.activity_autocomplete_item, null);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.tv_Text = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_autocomplete);
view.setTag(viewHolder);
} else {
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}

viewHolder.tv_Text.setText(mList.get(position));

return view;
}

......省略号......

}

activity_autocomplete_item 下拉列表布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="@color/White"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_autocomplete"
android:padding="15dp"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:singleLine="true"
android:textColor="@color/Black"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>


上面自动补全的效果图:



2、通过组合方式实现帐号自动补全复杂控件

关键代码:

public class AdvancedAutoCompleteTextView extends RelativeLayout {
private Context mContext;
private AutoComplete mAutoComplete; //上面的自定义控件
private ImageView mImageView;       //右侧的图标控件

......省略号......

@Override
protected void onFinishInflate() {
super.onFinishInflate();
initViews();
}
//代码方式,初始化布局
private void initViews() {
RelativeLayout.LayoutParams params = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT);
params.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_LEFT);
params.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL);
mAutoComplete = new AutoComplete(mContext);
mAutoComplete.setLayoutParams(params);
mAutoComplete.setPadding(0, 0, 40, 0);
mAutoComplete.setSingleLine(true);
mAutoComplete.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS);
mAutoComplete.setFitsSystemWindows(true);
mAutoComplete.setEms(10);
mAutoComplete.setHint("URS账号");
mAutoComplete.setImeOptions(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_NEXT
| EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_EXTRACT_UI | EditorInfo.IME_FLAG_NO_FULLSCREEN);
mAutoComplete.setDropDownHorizontalOffset(0);
mAutoComplete.setDropDownVerticalOffset(2);
mAutoComplete.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.edit_text_background);

RelativeLayout.LayoutParams p = new RelativeLayout.LayoutParams(RelativeLayout.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.FILL_PARENT);
p.addRule(RelativeLayout.ALIGN_PARENT_RIGHT);
p.addRule(RelativeLayout.CENTER_VERTICAL);
p.rightMargin = 10;
mImageView = new ImageView(mContext);
mImageView.setLayoutParams(p);
mImageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect);
mImageView.setClickable(true);
mImageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
setText("");
}
});

this.addView(mAutoComplete);
this.addView(mImageView);
//监听获取焦点事件,目的:输入帐号时,右侧图标的显示
mAutoComplete.setOnFocusChangeListener(new OnFocusChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onFocusChange(View v, boolean hasFocus) {
if (hasFocus && !mAutoComplete.getText().toString().isEmpty()) {
mAutoComplete.setShow(false); //如果获取首次获取焦点,此时文本不为空,则显示,并禁止文本改变监听里的设置
mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.item_delete);
} else if (hasFocus) {
mAutoComplete.setShow(true);//如果获取首次获取焦点,此时文本为空,则不改变,并开启文本改变监听里的设置
} else {
mAutoComplete.setShow(false);
mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.unselect);
}
}
});

//对AutoComplete自定义控件初始化,一定要放到最后.否则,会由于AutoComplete初始化未完成,就弹窗,而崩溃

mAutoComplete.init(mImageView);
}
}


B、弹窗滚轮的实现

效果:



实现原理:

1、继承重写简单控件ScrollView,实现滚动效果,并添加回调接口,用于获取选择的内容。

2、为自定义控件添加内容,其中每一项为一个TextView,用于内容显示。

3、通过自绘添加上下两条直线,实现选中状态。

4、最后利用popup弹窗,加载整个视图,显示弹窗滚动效果。

1、通过继承ScrollView实现滚动,并向布局添加具体项

关键代码:

public class WheelView extends ScrollView {

//选择后的回调接口
public interface OnWheelViewListener {
void onSelected(int selectedIndex, String item);
}

......省略号......

//初始化,并创建布局
private void init(Context context) {
this.context = context;
this.setVerticalScrollBarEnabled(false);

views = new LinearLayout(context);  //为自定义控件创建线性布局
views.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);
this.addView(views);

//异步任务,根据滚动的位置自动调整待显示的数据,该异步任务会在滚动事件触发式执行
scrollerTask = new Runnable() {
public void run() {
if (itemHeight == 0) {
return;
}
int newY = getScrollY();
if (initialY - newY == 0) { // stopped
final int remainder = initialY % itemHeight;
final int divided = initialY / itemHeight;

if (remainder == 0) {
selectedIndex = divided + offset;
onSeletedCallBack();
} else {
if (remainder > itemHeight / 2) {
WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder + itemHeight);
selectedIndex = divided + offset + 1;
onSeletedCallBack();
}
});
} else {
WheelView.this.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
WheelView.this.smoothScrollTo(0, initialY - remainder);
selectedIndex = divided + offset;
onSeletedCallBack();
}
});
}
}
} else {
initialY = getScrollY();
WheelView.this.postDelayed(scrollerTask, newCheck);
}
}
};
}

//往布局添加数据

private void initData() {
displayItemCount = offset * 2 + 1;

//添加新view之前,必须移除旧的,否则不正确
views.removeAllViews();

for (String item : items) {
views.addView(createView(item));
}

refreshItemView(0);
}

private TextView createView(String item) {
TextView tv = new TextView(context);
tv.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
tv.setSingleLine(true);
tv.setTextSize(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 20);
tv.setText(item);
tv.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
int padding = dip2px(15);
tv.setPadding(padding, padding, padding, padding);
if (0 == itemHeight) {
itemHeight = getViewMeasuredHeight(tv);
views.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, itemHeight * displayItemCount));
LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) this.getLayoutParams();
this.setLayoutParams(new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(lp.width, itemHeight * displayItemCount));
}
return tv;
}

......省略号......

@Override   //上下直线的自绘
public void setBackgroundDrawable(Drawable background) {

if (viewWidth == 0) {
viewWidth = ((Activity) context).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
}

if (null == paint) {
paint = new Paint();
paint.setColor(Color.parseColor("#83cde6"));
paint.setStrokeWidth(dip2px(1f));
}

background = new Drawable() {
@Override
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], viewWidth * 5 / 6,

obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[0], paint);

canvas.drawLine(viewWidth * 1 / 6, obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], viewWidth * 5 / 6,

obtainSelectedAreaBorder()[1], paint);

}
};

super.setBackgroundDrawable(background);
}

}


2、动态加载布局,并利用PopupWindow弹窗显示。

关键代码:

rivate void addView(int num){

......省略号......

wheel_layout_view = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.wheel_view, null);

......省略号......

}


布局文件 wheel_view 效果图



private void popupWindows(List<String> list){
if (wheel_layout_view != null){

mPopupWindow = null;
mPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(wheel_layout_view);
mPopupWindow.setWidth(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
mPopupWindow.setHeight(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

//点击外部,自动消失
mPopupWindow.setFocusable(true);
mPopupWindow.setOutsideTouchable(true);

......省略号......

mPopupWindow.showAtLocation(ll_weidu_condition, Gravity.BOTTOM, 0, 0);
}
}


C、TabButton的实现

效果:



1、利用.9.png图标实现(简单、美观)

属性定义attrs.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!-- 自定义的button控件,用于日期的选择-->
<declare-styleable name="TabButton">
<attr name="normal_bg_res" format="reference" />
<attr name="selected_bg_res" format="reference" />
</declare-styleable>
</resources>


布局文件:

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"   //声明自定义属性空间

......省略号......

android:orientation="vertical">

......省略号......

<xxxxxxxxxxx.customui.TabButton
style="@style/commonButton"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_margin="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:text="昨天"
android:textSize="22sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:background="@drawable/btn_left"
android:textColor="@color/blue"
custom:normal_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left"
custom:selected_bg_res="@drawable/btn_left_selected"
android:id="@+id/bt_yesterday" />

......省略号......

</LinearLayout>


关键代码:

public class TabButton extends Button {
private int normal_bg_res;
private int selected_bg_res;

public TabButton(Context context) {
super(context);
}

public TabButton(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);

TypedArray typeArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.TabButton);
normal_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_normal_bg_res, 0);
selected_bg_res = typeArray.getResourceId(R.styleable.TabButton_selected_bg_res, 0);

typeArray.recycle();
}

public void setSelected(boolean selected) {
if (selected) {
setBackgroundResource(selected_bg_res);
setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
} else {
setBackgroundResource(normal_bg_res);
setTextColor(getResources().getColor(R.color.blue));
}
}
}


2、利用布局文件实现(复杂、灵活)。

更多样式,可以参数官方的SDK(android-sdk-windows\platforms\android-1.5\data\res\)

布局样式button_style:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:state_pressed="true">
<shape android:shape="rectangle">
<solid android:color="#0d76e1" />
</shape>
</item>

<item android:state_focused="true">
<shape android:shape="rectangle">
<solid android:color="@color/Grey" />
</shape>
</item>

<item>
<shape android:shape="rectangle">
<solid android:color="@color/Grey" />
</shape>
</item>
</selector>


样式应用:

<Button android:id="@+id/tab_button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:background="@drawable/button_style">


3. 蒙板效果的实现

1、不保留标题栏蒙板的实现

效果:



原理:

1、弹窗时,设置背景窗体的透明度

2、取消弹窗时,恢复背景窗体的透明度

关键代码:

private void popupWindows(List<String> list){
//产生背景变暗效果
WindowManager.LayoutParams lp=getWindow().getAttributes();
lp.alpha = 0.4f;
getWindow().setAttributes(lp);

......省略号......

mPopupWindow.setOnDismissListener(new PopupWindow.OnDismissListener() {
@Override
public void onDismiss() {
WindowManager.LayoutParams lp = getWindow().getAttributes();
lp.alpha = 1f;
getWindow().setAttributes(lp);
}
});

......省略号......

}


2、保留标题栏蒙板的实现

效果:



原理:

1、根据需求,设置蒙板布局大小。

2、弹窗时,显示蒙板布局

2、取消弹窗时,隐藏蒙板布局

关键代码:

1、蒙板布局实现:

<!-- popup蒙板 -->
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ll_popup_hide"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="@color/hide_bg"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</LinearLayout>

<color name="hide_bg">#88323232</color>


2、代码处理

ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); //显示蒙板


ll_popup_hide.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE); //隐藏蒙板


4. Activity的回收与操作超时的处理

1、Activity的回收

针对多个activity退出的处理

关键代码:

1、新建活动管理类:

public class ActivityCollector {
private static List<Activity> activityList = new ArrayList<Activity>();
public static void addActivity(Activity activity){
activityList.add(activity);
}
public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){
activityList.remove(activity);
}

public static void finishAllButLast(){
Activity activity = activityList.get(activityList.size()-1);
removeActivity(activity);

for (Activity activityItem: activityList){
if (!activityItem.isFinishing()){
activityItem.finish();
}
}

activityList.clear();
activityList.add(activity);
}

public static void finishAll(){
for (Activity activity: activityList){
if (!activity.isFinishing()){
activity.finish();
}
}

activityList.clear();
}
}


2、创建基类BaseActivity,并使所有的activity继承自该基类 。在创建时,添加到活动管理器,销毁时,从活动管理器中移除。

public class BaseActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
}
}


如果需要销毁所有activity,只需调用finishAll()即可

2、操作超时处理

原理:

1、在activity的stop函数中,根据app进程IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND判断app在前台或后台

2、在activity的onResume函数中,做超时检查。

关键代码:

abstract public class TimeOutCheckActivity extends BaseActivity {
private boolean isLeave = false;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
pref = getSharedPreferences(Constant.CONFIG_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
}

/**
* 回调函数,方便测试
* @return
*/
abstract protected String getTag();

......省略号......

/***
* 当用户使程序恢复为前台显示时执行onResume()方法,在其中判断是否超时.
*/
@Override
protected void onResume() {
//        Log.i("Back",getTag() + ",onResume,是否在前台:" + isOnForeground());
super.onResume();
if (isLeave) {
isLeave = false;
timeOutCheck();
}
}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
super.onStop();
if (!isOnForeground()){
if (!isLeave && isOpenALP()) {
isLeave = true;
saveStartTime();
}
}
}

public void timeOutCheck() {
long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (endtime - getStartTime() >= Constant.TIMEOUT_ALP * 1000) {
Util.toast(this, "超时了,请重新验证");
String alp = pref.getString(Constant.ALP, null);
if (alp == null || alp == "") {
} else {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, UnlockGesturePasswordActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("pattern", alp);
intent.putExtra("login",false); //手势验证,不进行登录验证
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
// 打开新的Activity
startActivityForResult(intent, Constant.REQ_COMPARE_PATTERN_TIMEOUT_CHECK);
}
}
}

public void saveStartTime() {
pref.edit().putLong(Constant.START_TIME, System.currentTimeMillis()).commit();
}

public long getStartTime() {
long startTime = 0;
try {
startTime = pref.getLong(Constant.START_TIME, 0);
}catch (Exception e){
startTime = 0;
}
return startTime;
}

/**
* 程序是否在前端运行,通过枚举运行的app实现。防止重复超时检测多次,保证只有一个activity进入超时检测
*当用户按home键时,程序进入后端运行,此时会返回false,其他情况引起activity的stop函数的调用,会返回true
* @return
*/
public boolean isOnForeground() {
ActivityManager activityManager = (ActivityManager) getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
String packageName = getApplicationContext().getPackageName();

List<ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo> appProcesses = activityManager.getRunningAppProcesses();
if (appProcesses == null)
return false;

for (ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo appProcess : appProcesses) {
if (appProcess.processName.equals(packageName)
&& appProcess.importance == ActivityManager.RunningAppProcessInfo.IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND) {
return true;
}
}

return false;
}
}


补充说明:

可以根据importance的不同来判断前台或后台,RunningAppProcessInfo 里面的常量IMTANCE就是上面所说的前台后台,其实IMOPORTANCE是表示这个app进程的重要性,因为系统回收时候,会根据IMOPORTANCE来回收进程的。具体可以去看文档。

public static final int IMPORTANCE_BACKGROUND = 400//后台

public static final int IMPORTANCE_EMPTY = 500//空进程

public static final int IMPORTANCE_FOREGROUND = 100//在屏幕最前端、可获取到焦点 可理解为Activity生命周期的OnResume();

public static final int IMPORTANCE_SERVICE = 300//在服务中

public static final int IMPORTANCE_VISIBLE = 200//在屏幕前端、获取不到焦点可理解为Activity生命周期的OnStart();
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