linux下挂载新硬盘和分区的步骤

今天和大家分享一下在linux下挂载新硬盘的步骤。
演示的环境基于centos
 
[root@localhostetc]# uname -a
Linuxlocalhost.localdomain 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Dec 6 19:48:22 GMT 2011x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhostetc]# cat system-release
CentOS release 6.2(Final)
[root@localhostetc]# 
 
先挂载了一个3G的硬盘查看磁盘空间的情况
[root@localhostetc]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9GB, 42949672960 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x0004daae
 
 
   DeviceBoot      Start         End     Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *          1          39     307200   83  Linux
Partition 1 does notend on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2             39        4998   39832576   83  Linux
/dev/sda3           4998        5222    1802240   82  Linux swap / Solaris
 
 
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0x00000000
 
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table
 
划分磁盘分区，分为4个主分区，最后写入磁盘。
[root@localhostetc]# fdisk /dev/sdb
 
WARNING:DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
        switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
        sectors (command 'u').
 
 
Command (m forhelp): m
Command action
   a  toggle a bootable flag
   b  edit bsd disklabel
   c  toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d  delete a partition
   l  list known partition types
   m  print this menu
   n  add a new partition
   o  create a new empty DOS partition table
   p  print the partition table
   q  quit without saving changes
   s  create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t  change a partition's system id
   u  change display/entry units
   v  verify the partition table
   w  write table to disk and exit
   x  extra functionality (experts only)
 
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
   e  extended
   p  primary partition (1-4)
p
Partitionnumber (1-4): 4
First cylinder(1-391, default 1): 1
Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-391, default 391): 100
 
 
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
   e  extended
   p  primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number(1-4): 2
First cylinder(101-391, default 101): 101
Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (101-391, default 391): 200
 
 
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
   e  extended
   p  primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number(1-4): 3
First cylinder(201-391, default 201): 201
Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (201-391, default 391): 300
 
 
Command (m forhelp): n
Command action
   e  extended
   p  primary partition (1-4)
p
Selected partition 1
First cylinder(301-391, default 301): 301
Last cylinder,+cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (301-391, default 391): 391
 
 
Command(m for help): w
The partition tablehas been altered!
 
 
Calling ioctl() tore-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhostetc]# fdisk -l
 
再次查看分区情况，
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size(minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier:0xe5f51a7b
 
 
   DeviceBoot      Start         End     Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1  
 
 
 
 
  301
 
 
 
  391
 
 
 730957+
 83
 Linux
/dev/sdb2  
 
 
 
 
  101
 
 
 
  200
 
 
 803250
  83
 Linux
/dev/sdb3  
 
 
 
 
  201
 
 
 
  300
 
 
 803250
  83
 Linux
/dev/sdb4  
 
 
 
 
 
  1
 
 
 
  100
 
 
 803218+
 83
 Linux
 
Partition tableentries are not in disk order
 
我就格式化第一个分区，采用文件系统ext3.
 
[root@localhostetc]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12(17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096(log=2)
Fragment size=4096(log=2)
Stride=0 blocks,Stripe width=0 blocks
45696 inodes, 182739blocks
9136 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystemblocks=188743680
6 block groups
32768 blocks pergroup, 32768 fragments per group
7616 inodes pergroup
Superblock backupsstored on blocks: 
       32768, 98304, 163840
 
 
Writing inodetables: done                           
Creating journal(4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocksand filesystem accounting information: done
 
 
This filesystem willbe automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichevercomes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
 
创建一个临时目录，然后把分区挂载到这个目录下。
[root@localhost /]#mkdir test
 
[root@localhost /]#mount /dev/sdb1 /test
挂载后查看磁盘情况，就可以看到分区就在那了。
[root@localhost /]#df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             38G   32G  4.3G  89% /
tmpfs                980M  288K  980M   1%/dev/shm
/dev/sda1            291M   32M  244M  12% /boot
/dev/sdb1  
 
 
 
 
  703M
  17M
 651M
  3% /test
 
 
配置开机启动项
vi /etc/fstab 
LABEL=SWAP-sda2        swap                   swap    defaults       0 0
加入如下
/dev/sdb1              /test                   ext3    defaults       1 1
~                                                                           
5.   第5列为dump选项，设置是否让备份程序dump备份文件系统，0为忽略，1为备份。
6.   第6列为fsck选项，告诉fsck程序以什么顺序检查文件系统，0为忽略。