NuttX_编译系统分析

Nuttx 内存寻址模式有3种

NO	EN	CN
1	Flat embedded build	平面内存构建模式
2	Protected build with MPU	保护内存构建模式
3	Kernel build with MMU	内核内存构建模式

1. 目录结构

|
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
|             |
nuttx         app

$(TOPDIR) = nuttx
$(TOPDIR)/
+---.config
+---.version
+---Makefile
+---Makefile.unix
+---Makefile.win(略)
+---Directories.mk
+---LibTargets.mk
+---FlatLibs.mk
+---KernelLibs.mk (略)
+---ProtectedLibs.mk(略)
+---/arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
+---/tools
+---configure.sh
+---Config.mk
+---/tools
+---/tools
+---/tools
+---/tools

2. Makefile 文件包含关系

+--.config
|
|                 +-tools/Config.mk
|                 |
|                 |            +--.config
|                 |            |
|                 +-Make.defs--+--tools/Config.mk
|                 |            |
|                 |            +--arch/arm/src/armv7-m/Toolchain.defs
|                 |
Makefile-+--Makefile.unix--+--Directories.mk
|                 |
|                 |            +--FlatLibs.mk (Flat embedded build)
|                 |            |
|                 +------------+--ProtectedLibs.mk(Protected build with MPU))(略)
|                 |            |
|                 |            +--KernelLibs.mk (Kernel build with MMU)(略)
|                 |
|                 +--LibTargets.mk
+--Makefile.win-(略)

3. Makefile 目标

默认的目标为：all: $(BIN)

伪目标有：

context

clean_context

check_context

export

subdir_clean

subdir_distclean

clean

distclean

apps_clean

apps_distclean

引用某大神的一个图：

/article/8682621.html

`                          |<--pass1dep-|<----------------------------------------+
|<--pass1deps-|            |<--tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)             |
|     |       |                                                      |
|  +--+       |<--$(USERLIBS)                                        |
|  |                                                                 |
|  |           |<--pass2dep-|<---------------------------------------|
|<---pass2deps-|            |<--tools/mkdeps$(HOSTEXEEXT)            |
|  |  |        |                                                     |
|  |  |        |<--$(NUTTXLIBS)           <--+                       |
|  |  |                                      |                       |
|  |  |  +-----------------------------------+                       |
|  |  |  |                                                           |
|  |  |  |<--lib/libsched$(LIBEXT)<--sched/libsched$(LIBEXT)<--------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libc$(LIBEXT)<--libc/libc$(LIBEXT)<-----------------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libmm$(LIBEXT)<--mm/libmm$(LIBEXT)<-----------------|
all<--$(BIN)-|  |  |  |<--lib/libarch$(LIBEXT)<--$(ARCH_SRC)/libarch$(LIBEXT)<----|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libcxx$(LIBEXT)<--libxx/libcxx$(LIBEXT)<------------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libapps$(LIBEXT)<--$(APPDIR)/libapps$(LIBEXT)<------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libnet$(LIBEXT)<--net/libnet$(LIBEXT)<--------------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libfs$(LIBEXT)<--fs/libfs$(LIBEXT)<-----------------|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libdrivers$(LIBEXT)<--drivers/libdrivers$(LIBEXT)<--|
|  |  |  |<--lib/libbinfmt$(LIBEXT)<--binfmt/libbinfmt$(LIBEXT)<-----|
|  |  |                                                              |
|  |  +---------+                                                    |
|  |            |                                                    |
|  +--------+   |                                                    |
|           |   |                                                    |
|<--pass1<--+   |                                                    |
|               |                                                    |
|<--pass2<------+                                                    |
|
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
|           |<--check_context
|           |
|           |<--include/nuttx/config.h-|<--$(TOPDIR)/.config
|           |                          |<--tools/mkconfig$(HOSTEXEEXT)
|           |
|           |<--include/nuttx/version.h-|<--$(TOPDIR)/.version
|           |                           |<--tools/mkversion$(HOSTEXEEXT)
|           |
|<--context-|<--include/math.h<--include/nuttx/math.h
|<--include/float.h<--include/nuttx/float.h
|<--include/stdarg.h<--include/nuttx/stdarg.h
|
|            |<--include/arch<-Make.defs
|            |
|            |<--include/arch/board-|<--include/arch<--Make.defs
|            |                      |<--Make.defs
|            |
|<--dirlinks-|<--include/arch/chip-|<--include/arch<--Make.defs
|                     |<--Make.defs
|
|<--$(ARCH_SRC)/board<--Make.defs
|<--$(ARCH_SRC)/chip<--Make.defs
|<--include/apps<--Make.defs

4. Directories.mk

- NUTTX_ADDONS
- USER_ADDONS
- NONFSDIRS
- FSDIRS
- CONTEXTDIRS
- USERDIRS
- OTHERDIRS
- CLEANDIRS
- KERNDEPDIRS
- USERDEPDIRS

5. FlatLibs.mk ProtectedLibs.mk(略) KernelLibs.mk(略)

导出make3个目标(都依赖context)
- NUTTXLIBS -
- USERLIBS  -
- EXPORTLIBS-

- NUTTXLIBS
+--/lib/libsched.a ---------> 调度器相关
|
+--/lib/libconfigs.a
|
+--/lib/libc.a
|
+--/lib/libmm.a
|
+--/lib/libarch.a
|
+--/lib/libapps.a
|
+--/lib/libcxx.a ----------> c++相关(略)
|
+--/lib/libnet.a ----------> network相关(略)
|
+--/lib/libcrypto.a -------> 加密相关(略)
|
+--/lib/libfs.a
|
+--/lib/libdrivers.a
|
+--/lib/libbinfmt.a
|
+--/lib/libgraphics.a ---+
|                        |-> 图像相关(略)
+--/lib/libnx.a       ---+
|
+--/lib/libaudio.a --------> 音频相关(略)
|
+--/lib/libstubs.a (CONFIG_LIB_SYSCALL = y)
- USERLIBS
+--/lib/libproxies.a (CONFIG_LIB_SYSCALL = y)
- EXPORTLIBS
+-- $(NUTTXLIBS)

6. LibTargets.mk

make -c 到对应目录中编译相应的lib

install 相应的lib 到/lib目录下

ps：在Makefile里会用到install，其他地方会用cp
1) 如果目标文件存在, cp会先清空文件后往里写入新文件,
而install则会先删除掉原先的文件然后写入新文件
2) install命令会恰当地处理文件权限的问题。
比如说，install -c会把目标文件的权限设置为rwxr-xr-x

7. tools目录

configure.sh (configure.c, cfgparser.c, and cfgparser.h)

Config.mk

discover.py

mkconfig.c, cfgdefine.c, and cfgdefine.h

cmdconfig.c

kconfig2html.c

mkconfigvars.sh

mkexport.sh and Makefile.export

mkfsdata.pl

mkversion.c, cfgdefine.c, and cfgdefine.h

mksyscall.c, cvsparser.c, and cvsparser.h

mksymtab.c, cvsparser.c, and cvsparser.h

mkctags.sh

nxstyle.c

pic32mx

bdf-convert.c

Makefile.host

mkromfsimg.sh

mkdeps.c cnvwindeps.c mkwindeps.sh mknulldeps.sh

define.sh / define.bat

link.sh / link.bat

unlink.sh / unlink.bat

incdir.sh / incdir.bat

copydir.sh / copydir.bat

mkimage.sh

indent.sh

refresh.sh

testbuild.sh

zipme.sh

7.1 configure.sh

使用方式：
cd ${TOPDIR}/tools
./configure.sh <board-name>/<config-dir>
这是一个配置脚本, 做了以下几个事情：
- Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/Make.def to ${TOPDIR}/Make.defs
- Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/setenv.sh to ${TOPDIR}/setenv.sh
- Copy configs/<board-name>/<config-dir>/defconfig to ${TOPDIR}/.config

7.2 Config.mk

通用makefile 函数接口定义，需要顶层Make.defs 包含该Confilg.mk和顶层的.config文件

-include $(TOPDIR)/.config
include $(TOPDIR)/tools/Config.mk

7.2.1. CONFIG_ARCH, CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP, CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD - 宏的重新定义

CONFIG_ARCH       := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH)))
CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP  := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH_CHIP)))
CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD := $(patsubst "%",%,$(strip $(CONFIG_ARCH_BOARD)))

7.2.2. OBJEXT LIBEXT - obj和lib扩展名的定义

OBJEXT ?= .o
LIBEXT ?= .a

7.2.4. DELIM - 分割符

ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
DELIM = $(strip \)
else
DELIM = $(strip /)
endif

7.2.4. INCDIR

使用方式:
- CFFLAGS += ${shell $(INCDIR) [options] "compiler" "dir1" "dir2" "dir2" ...}

ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
INCDIR = "$(TOPDIR)\tools\incdir.bat"
else
INCDIR = "$(TOPDIR)/tools/incdir.sh"
endif

7.2.5. PREPROCESS - 预处理

使用方式:
- $(call PREPROCESS, in-file, out-file)
#CPP - The command to invoke the C pre-processor
#CPPFLAGS - Options to pass to the C pre-processor
define PREPROCESS
@echo "CPP: $1->$2"
$(Q) $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef

7.2.6. COMPILE/COMPILEXX - 编译

使用方式：
- $(call COMPILE, in-file, out-file)
- $(call COMPILEXX, in-file, out-file)
#CC - The command to invoke the C compiler
#CFLAGS - Options to pass to the C compiler
#CXX - The command to invoke the C++ compiler
#CXXFLAGS - Options to pass to the C++ compiler
define COMPILE
@echo "CC: $1"
$(Q) $(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef

define COMPILEXX
@echo "CXX: $1"
$(Q) $(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef

7.2.7. ASSEMBLE - 汇编

使用方式：
- $(call ASSEMBLE, in-file, out-file)
#CC - By default, the C compiler is used to compile assembly language files
#AFLAGS - Options to pass to the C+compiler
define ASSEMBLE
@echo "AS: $1"
$(Q) $(CC) -c $(AFLAGS) $1 -o $2
endef

7.2.8. ARCHIVE - 打包生成lib

使用方式：
- $(call ARCHIVE, archive-file, "file1 file2 file3 ...")
#AR - The command to invoke the archiver (includes any options)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define ARCHIVE
@echo AR: $2
$(Q) $(AR) $1 $(2)
endef
else
define ARCHIVE
@echo "AR: $2"
$(Q) $(AR) $1 $(2) || { echo "$(AR) $1 FAILED!" ; exit 1 ; }
endef
endif

7.2.9. PRELINK - 链接

使用方式：
- $(call PRELINK, prelink-file, "file1 file2 file3 ...")
#LD - The command to invoke the linker (includes any options)
#OBJCOPY - The command to invoke the object cop (includes any options)
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define PRELINK
@echo PRELINK: $1
$(Q) $(LD) -Ur -o $1 $2 && $(OBJCOPY) --localize-hidden $1
endef
else
define PRELINK
@echo "PRELINK: $1"
$(Q) $(LD) -Ur -o $1 $2 && $(OBJCOPY) --localize-hidden $1
endef
endif

7.2.10. MOVEOBJ - 空

使用方式
- 无
define MOVEOBJ
endef

7.2.11. DELFILE - 删除一个文件

使用方式：
- $(call DELFILE file")
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define DELFILE
$(Q) if exist $1 (del /f /q $1)
endef
else
define DELFILE
$(Q) rm -f $1
endef
endif

7.2.12. DELDIR - 删除一个目录

使用方式：
- $(call DELDIR dir")
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define DELDIR
$(Q) if exist $1 (rmdir /q /s $1)
endef
else
define DELDIR
$(Q) rm -rf $1
endef
endif

7.2.13. MOVEFILE - 移动一个文件

使用方式：
- $(call MOVEFILE target src")
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define MOVEFILE
$(Q) if exist $1 (move /Y $1 $2)
endef
else
define MOVEFILE
$(Q) mv -f $1 $2
endef
endif

7.2.14. CLEAN - 清除默认目标 .o .a .swp .*

使用方式：
- $(call CLEAN")
ifeq ($(CONFIG_WINDOWS_NATIVE),y)
define CLEAN
$(Q) if exist *$(OBJEXT) (del /f /q *$(OBJEXT))
$(Q) if exist *$(LIBEXT) (del /f /q *$(LIBEXT))
$(Q) if exist *~ (del /f /q *~)
$(Q) if exist (del /f /q  .*.swp)
endef
else
define CLEAN
$(Q) rm -f *$(OBJEXT) *$(LIBEXT) *~ .* .swp
endef
endif