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Java中整形的缓存机制

2016-03-13 11:34 513 查看
本文将介绍一下Java中关于Integer的缓存知识,首先看一下下面的代码,猜测一下会输出什么结果。

/**
* Created by lanxing on 16-3-13.
*/
public class IntegerCache {
public static void main(String[] args){
Integer integer1 = 3;
Integer integer2 = 3;
System.out.println(integer1 == integer2);

Integer integer3 = 300;
Integer integer4 = 300;
System.out.println(integer3 == integer4);
}
}


对于上述代码,由于运用的是“==”,而java中“==”比较的是两个引用而非引用的值,所以大家普遍认为两个输出都会是false,然而运行结果则为true,false。

Java中关于Integer缓存机制的介绍:

由于上述代码进行了自动装包操作,查看Java的Integer源码的valueOf(int)代码如下:

/**
* Returns an {@code Integer} instance representing the specified
* {@code int} value.  If a new {@code Integer} instance is not
* required, this method should generally be used in preference to
* the constructor {@link #Integer(int)}, as this method is likely
* to yield significantly better space and time performance by
* caching frequently requested values.
*
* This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
* inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
*
* @param  i an {@code int} value.
* @return an {@code Integer} instance representing {@code i}.
* @since  1.5
*/
public static Integer valueOf(int i) {
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
由上述源码可知,当装包对象在IntegerCache.low到Integer.high之间时,结果直接从IntegerCache中获取,否则直接创造一个实例。下面为IntegerCache的源码:

/**
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing for values between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage.  The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/

private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];

static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue =
sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) -1);
} catch( NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int, ignore it.
}
}
high = h;

cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for(int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);

// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
分析上述源码可知,IntegerCache的low为-128,而high可以通过"-XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>"指定,默认的high为127。当设置high之后,high的实际值取默认值和设置值中最大值,同时小于或等于0X7FFFFF7E。然后将low到high之间的数值存放到cache中。由于该类及方法都是静态的,因此在首次使用时会执行该操作,当需要对low到high之间的数字进行装包操作时,则直接返回IntegerCache.cache中现成的引用。所以上述对基本类型3进行装包时返回同一个引用,故结果输出true。

当然,Java中除了对Integer有缓存机制外,其中还有ByteCache,ShortCache,LongCache,CharacterCache分别对其对应的类型进行缓存,其中Byte,Short,Long的缓存范围都为-128——127,Character为0——127。特别要注意的是这几个缓存中,只有Integer的缓存上限(high)可以设置,其他的都不能进行设置,为固定范围。
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