Linux运维之道1,2章

pwd -p 返回链接的真实路径

cd /usr/src
cd ..
cd -
cd 家

ls -al
ls -ld /root
ls -lt

cp /etc/hosts /tmp/host
cp -r /var/log/ /tmp

find -name hello.doc
find /root-name "*.log"
find -iname "Jacob"
find / -empty
find / -group tom
find / -mtime -3
find / -mtime +4
find / -mtime 2
find ./ -size +10M
find ./ -type f
find ./ -user tom
find ./ -size +1M -exec ls -l {} \;
find / -size +1M -a -type f

du -sh

cat -n /etc/passwd
cat -b /etc/passwd

head -c 20k /root/install.log

tail -f /var/log/messages

wc -l
-w
-c

grep --color th test.txt
grep -i the test.txt
grep -w num test.txt
grep -v the test.txt

echo "hello world."
echo -e "\\"
\\
\n
\t

ln -s /test/ /var/test/
ln /test/hello.txt /test/hi.txt

gzip hell.txt
gzip -d hello.txt.gz

bzip2 hello.txt
bzip2 -d hello.txt.bz2

tar -cf etc.tar /etc
tar -czf boot.tar.gz /boot
tar -cjf etc.tar.bz2
tar -tvf boot.tar.gz
tar -xvf etc.tar
tar -xzf boot.tar.gz
tar -xjf etc.tar.bz2
tar -xzf boot.tar.gz -C /tmp

history
!500

ctrl+l clear

which find

vim编辑
a A
i I
o O

gg
G
nG
^ $
w b

x
dd
ndd
rx
yy
p
P

/host n N

:s/root/admin/
:s/root/admin/g
:3,5s/root/admin/g
:%s/nologin/fault/g

:set nu

:split
ctrl+w +l
+j

:vsplit
ctrl+w+h
+l

useradd -c administartor -d /home/admin -e 2013-12-24 \
-g root -G bin,adm,mail admin
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M user2

groupadd -g 1000 jerry

id root

echo "123456" | passwd --stdin tom
passwd -l tom
passwd -u tom
passwd -d tom

usermod -d /home/tom tom #/home/tom存在
usermod -e 2013-12-24 tom
usermod -g mail tom
usermod -s /bin/bash tom
usermod -u 1001 tom

userdel -r tom
groupdel jerry

chmod a=rw install.log
chmod a+x install.log
chmod 644 install.log
chmod --reference=install.log.syslog install.log

chown :root install

账户管理案例
mkdir -p /var/{teach,office}

groupadd teach
groupadd office

useradd -g teach Op_teach
useradd -g office Op_office

useradd -g teach endy
useradd -g office lucy

gpasswd -A Op_teach teach
gpasswd -A Op_office office

chmod Op_teach.teach /var/teach
chmod Op_office.office /var/office
chmod 755 /var/{teach.office}

fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sda
partprobe /dev/sda

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
mkswap /dev/sdc2

mount /dev/cdrom /media
umount /dev/cdrom
vim /etc/fstab
mount -a

创建RAID
(fdisk fd )
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 0 -n 3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2

mdadm --detail /dev/md0
mdadm --detail /dev/md5

mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

echo "DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sde2" > /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm -Evs >> /dev/mdadm.conf

echo "/dev/md0 /raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0 " >>/etc/fstab
echo "/dev/md0 /raid0 ext4 defaults 0 0 " >>/etc/fstab

time dd if=/dev/zero of=txt bs=1M count=1000

rpm -ivh ftp-0.17-51.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -e ftp

rpm -q ftp
rpm -aq
rpm -qi bash
rpm -ql bash
rpm -qc bash
rpm -qf /etc/inittab

rpm -qpi ftp-0.xxxxxxxxxxxx.rpm

/etc/yum.repos.d/media.repo
[media]
name=CentOS=6.7
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS-6.3_Final
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=

yum install dialog
yum -y expect
yum remove dialog
yum list
yum clean all
yum grouplist
yum groupintall "chinese support"

yum -y intall gcc pcre pcre-devel libtool

tar -xjf httpd-2.2.23.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src/
tar -xzf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz -C /usr/src

cd /usr/src/apr-1.4.6/
./configure && make && make install
cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.5.1
./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
make && make install
...
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

date -s "2012-11-12 14:00"
hwclock -w

service sshd reload

chkconfig --list
chkconfig --list sshd
chkconfig --level 15 sshd off
chkconfig sshd on

service atd start
at 23:11
tar -cjf log.tar.bz2 /var/log
shutdown -h now

at -l
at -c 1
at -d 1

service crond start
chkconfig crond on

crontab -e
23 23 * *５　tar -czf log.tar.gz /var/log
00 */3 * * * who
crontab -l
crontab -r

/etc/cron.d
/etc/cron.hourly
/etc/cron.daily
/etc/cron.weekly

uptime

free [-b|-k|-m]

df -hT
df -i

ifconfig

netstat -nutlp

ps -e
ps -ef

top
M 内存 N PID z 高亮

top -d 1 -p 1,2

ifconfig eth0 192.168.0.31 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up

hostname
hostname centos.example.com
hostname -i

route
route -n
route add default gw 192.168.0.254
route add -net 172.16.0.0/16 gw 192.168.0.254
route add -net 192.56.76.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dev eth0

route del default gw 192.168.0.254
route del -net 172.16.0.0/16

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE="
BOOTPROTO="static"
HWADDR="
NM_CONTROLLED=“
ONBOOT="
TYPE="
IPADDR="192.168
PREFIX="24"
GATEWAY="192.168.0.254"
DNS1="202.106.46.151"

service network restart

vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-eth0
service network restart

ping
traceroute
traceroute -I www.google.com
nslookup www.google.com
dig www.google.com

netstat -an
netstat -nutlp

/lib/modules/`uname -r`/
lsmod
modprobe ip_vs
lsmod | grep ip_vs
modprobe -r ip_vs
modinfo ip_vs

echo "modprobe ip_vs" >> /etc/rc.sysinit

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
echo "108248" > /proc/sys/fs/file-max

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1
fs.file-max = 108248