Python实现修改Windows CMD命令行输出颜色(实例解析)
2016-03-03 00:00
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摘要: 用Python写命令行程序的时候,单一的输出颜色太单调。其实我们可以加些色彩,比如用红色表示警告,绿色表示结果正常等。网上也有几篇类似的帖子,但是没有把问题讲清楚,贴的代码也不是太清晰。这里,对Windows下CMD输出彩色进行完整的讲解和易用的代码函数库展示。
1、程序运行结果展示
2、核心代码介绍
这里应该是获取输出窗口的句柄,和Windows的编程特性有关。
关键代码其实就一句:
颜色的讲解:
这个函数支持2位十六进制编码,比如0x12,0x03,0xef。取值都是0~f。区别在于,前一位指的是背景色,后一位指的是前景色,我们为了方便,可以给这些颜色编码定义一些有意义的别名。比如:
注意下边这句:把不同颜色进行或操作,结果肯定还是16种颜色的一种。
3、完整代码
我把每种颜色代码都封装成了易用的函数,可以根据需要在自己的程序里直接导入相应函数进行彩色输出。
比如原来是 print 'hello' 现在直接 printBlue('hello') 就可以了。
1、程序运行结果展示
2、核心代码介绍
# get handle std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE) def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle): Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color) return Bool
这里应该是获取输出窗口的句柄,和Windows的编程特性有关。
关键代码其实就一句:
set_cmd_text_color(这里参数要填颜色的16进制编码)
颜色的讲解:
这个函数支持2位十六进制编码,比如0x12,0x03,0xef。取值都是0~f。区别在于,前一位指的是背景色,后一位指的是前景色,我们为了方便,可以给这些颜色编码定义一些有意义的别名。比如:
# Windows CMD命令行 字体颜色定义 text colors FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black. FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue. FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green. FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue. FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red. FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink. FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow. FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white. FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray. FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue. FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green. FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue. FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red. FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink. FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow. FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white. # Windows CMD命令行 背景颜色定义 background colors BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue. BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green. BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue. BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red. BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink. BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow. BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white. BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray. BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue. BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green. BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue. BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red. BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink. BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow. BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
注意下边这句:把不同颜色进行或操作,结果肯定还是16种颜色的一种。
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
3、完整代码
我把每种颜色代码都封装成了易用的函数,可以根据需要在自己的程序里直接导入相应函数进行彩色输出。
比如原来是 print 'hello' 现在直接 printBlue('hello') 就可以了。
#! /usr/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import ctypes,sys
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
# 字体颜色定义 ,关键在于颜色编码,由2位十六进制组成,分别取0~f,前一位指的是背景色,后一位指的是字体色
#由于该函数的限制,应该是只有这16种,可以前景色与背景色组合。也可以几种颜色通过或运算组合,组合后还是在这16种颜色中
# Windows CMD命令行 字体颜色定义 text colors FOREGROUND_BLACK = 0x00 # black. FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE = 0x01 # dark blue. FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN = 0x02 # dark green. FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x03 # dark skyblue. FOREGROUND_DARKRED = 0x04 # dark red. FOREGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x05 # dark pink. FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x06 # dark yellow. FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # dark white. FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x08 # dark gray. FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # blue. FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # green. FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # skyblue. FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # red. FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # pink. FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # yellow. FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # white. # Windows CMD命令行 背景颜色定义 background colors BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10 # dark blue. BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20 # dark green. BACKGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE = 0x30 # dark skyblue. BACKGROUND_DARKRED = 0x40 # dark red. BACKGROUND_DARKPINK = 0x50 # dark pink. BACKGROUND_DARKYELLOW = 0x60 # dark yellow. BACKGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x70 # dark white. BACKGROUND_DARKGRAY = 0x80 # dark gray. BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x90 # blue. BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0xa0 # green. BACKGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0xb0 # skyblue. BACKGROUND_RED = 0xc0 # red. BACKGROUND_PINK = 0xd0 # pink. BACKGROUND_YELLOW = 0xe0 # yellow. BACKGROUND_WHITE = 0xf0 # white.
# get handle std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE) def set_cmd_text_color(color, handle=std_out_handle): Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle, color) return Bool
#reset white
def resetColor():
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE)
###############################################################
#暗蓝色
#dark blue
def printDarkBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗绿色
#dark green
def printDarkGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗天蓝色
#dark sky blue
def printDarkSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKSKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗红色
#dark red
def printDarkRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKRED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗粉红色
#dark pink
def printDarkPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKPINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗黄色
#dark yellow
def printDarkYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKYELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗白色
#dark white
def printDarkWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#暗灰色
#dark gray
def printDarkGray(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKGRAY)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#蓝色
#blue
def printBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#绿色
#green
def printGreen(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_GREEN)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#天蓝色
#sky blue
def printSkyBlue(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#红色
#red
def printRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#粉红色
#pink
def printPink(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_PINK)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黄色
#yellow
def printYellow(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_YELLOW)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白色
#white
def printWhite(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##################################################
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_BLACK | BACKGROUND_WHITE)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#白底黑字
#white bkground and black text
def printWhiteBlack_2(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(0xf0)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
#黄底蓝字
#white bkground and black text
def printYellowRed(mess):
set_cmd_text_color(BACKGROUND_YELLOW | FOREGROUND_RED)
sys.stdout.write(mess)
resetColor()
##############################################################
if __name__ == '__main__':
printDarkBlue(u'printDarkBlue:暗蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGreen(u'printDarkGreen:暗绿色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkSkyBlue(u'printDarkSkyBlue:暗天蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkRed(u'printDarkRed:暗红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkPink(u'printDarkPink:暗粉红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkYellow(u'printDarkYellow:暗黄色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkWhite(u'printDarkWhite:暗白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printDarkGray(u'printDarkGray:暗灰色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printBlue(u'printBlue:蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printGreen(u'printGreen:绿色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printSkyBlue(u'printSkyBlue:天蓝色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printRed(u'printRed:红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printPink(u'printPink:粉红色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellow(u'printYellow:黄色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhite(u'printWhite:白色文字\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack(u'printWhiteBlack:白底黑字输出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printWhiteBlack_2(u'printWhiteBlack_2:白底黑字输出(直接传入16进制参数)\n'.encode('gb2312'))
printYellowRed(u'printYellowRed:黄底红字输出\n'.encode('gb2312'))
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