OnClick事件的Sender参数的前世今生——TWinControl.WinProc优先捕捉到鼠标消息，然后使用IsControlMouseMsg函数进行消息转发给图形子控件（意外发现OnClick是由WM_LBUTTONUP触发的）

这是一个再普通不过的Button1Click执行体：

procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage('I am Button1');
end;

点击Button1以后，具体过程是：Form收到Button1发来的WM_COMMAND，然后发一个CN_COMMAND给Button1，这个过程就不描述了。这里研究的是VCL在接下去是如何执行的：

procedure TButton.CNCommand(var Message: TWMCommand);
begin
if Message.NotifyCode = BN_CLICKED then Click;
end;

procedure TButton.Click;
var
Form: TCustomForm;
begin
Form := GetParentForm(Self);
if Form <> nil then Form.ModalResult := ModalResult;
inherited Click;
end;

procedure TControl.Click;
begin
{ Call OnClick if assigned and not equal to associated action's OnExecute.
If associated action's OnExecute assigned then call it, otherwise, call
OnClick. }
if Assigned(FOnClick) and (Action <> nil) and (@FOnClick <> @Action.OnExecute) then
FOnClick(Self)
else if not (csDesigning in ComponentState) and (ActionLink <> nil) then
ActionLink.Execute(Self)
else if Assigned(FOnClick) then
FOnClick(Self); // 这里的Self代表当前TControl，也就是Button1对象
end;

说白了就是这么简单啊。

注意，每一个具有Sender参数的函数，都是由VCL框架提供的。但每一个不同的事件，分别由VCL不同函数来提供Sender参数的具体内容。以上分析仅仅分析了OnClick事件这一种情况。

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那么TImage1的OnClick的Sender是谁提供的呢？在Form1上只放置一个Image1，载入图片后双击增加以下代码，经过测试：

procedure TForm1.Image1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
ShowMessage(Sender.ClassName); // 显示结果TImage
if Sender is TImage then
ShowMessage(TImage(Sender).Name); // 显示结果是Image1
end;

而且鼠标点击图片后，不松手，就不会执行以上代码，这充分说明不是WM_LBUTTONDOWN触发此事件。于是忽略所有有关WM_LBUTTONDOWN的过程。

仔细查看TCustomForm的代码，并没有发现WM_LBUTTONUP的覆盖消息函数，这说明Image1的触发过程，仍是VCL框架提供的功能（要么是TControl，要么是TWinControl）。继续仔细查看，发现只有TControl对WM_LBUTTONUP有直接的响应函数：

procedure WMLButtonUp(var Message: TWMLButtonUp); message WM_LBUTTONUP;

procedure TControl.WMLButtonUp(var Message: TWMLButtonUp);
begin
inherited;
if csCaptureMouse in ControlStyle then MouseCapture := False;
if csClicked in ControlState then
begin
Exclude(FControlState, csClicked);
if PtInRect(ClientRect, SmallPointToPoint(Message.Pos)) then
Click;
end;
DoMouseUp(Message, mbLeft);
end;

同时TWinControl.WndProc里也有对WM_LBUTTONUP的处理，那么谁先谁后呢？当然还是WndProc优先运行，因为它是Form1这个窗口所直接对应的窗口函数。只有在这里找不到处理，才会调用Dispatch去寻找消息处理函数。

procedure TWinControl.WndProc(var Message: TMessage);
var
Form: TCustomForm;
begin
case Message.Msg of
WM_SETFOCUS:
begin
Form := GetParentForm(Self);
if (Form <> nil) and not Form.SetFocusedControl(Self) then Exit;
end;
WM_KILLFOCUS:
if csFocusing in ControlState then Exit;
WM_NCHITTEST: // 注意这里，鼠标移动时，也会不停的执行
begin
inherited WndProc(Message);
if (Message.Result = HTTRANSPARENT) and (ControlAtPos(ScreenToClient(
SmallPointToPoint(TWMNCHitTest(Message).Pos)), False) <> nil) then
Message.Result := HTCLIENT;
Exit;
end;
WM_MOUSEFIRST..WM_MOUSELAST:
begin
if Message.Msg = WM_LBUTTONUP then // 不这样改造，WM_MOVE消息会不停的来干扰
begin
tag := 50; // 下断点，可以准确捕捉鼠标点击图片后弹起时的消息
end;
if IsControlMouseMsg(TWMMouse(Message)) then // 检测并转发鼠标消息。如果是直接点击WinControl，那么此处捕捉无效，会继续通过TControl.WndProc和Dispatch继续传递消息
begin
{ Check HandleAllocated because IsControlMouseMsg might have freed the
window if user code executed something like Parent := nil. }
if (Message.Result = 0) and HandleAllocated then
DefWindowProc(Handle, Message.Msg, Message.wParam, Message.lParam);
Exit; // 图形子控件对消息处理完毕，直接退出了。不给父控件处理的机会
end;
end;
WM_KEYFIRST..WM_KEYLAST:
if Dragging then Exit;
WM_CANCELMODE:
if (GetCapture = Handle) and (CaptureControl <> nil) and
(CaptureControl.Parent = Self) then
CaptureControl.Perform(WM_CANCELMODE, 0, 0);
end;
inherited WndProc(Message);
end;

function TWinControl.IsControlMouseMsg(var Message: TWMMouse): Boolean;
var
Control: TControl;
P: TPoint;
begin
if GetCapture = Handle then
begin
if (CaptureControl <> nil) and (CaptureControl.Parent = Self) then
Control := CaptureControl
else
Control := nil;
end
else
Control := ControlAtPos(SmallPointToPoint(Message.Pos), False); // 检测鼠标正在点击自己的哪个图形子控件
Result := False;
if Control <> nil then
begin
P.X := Message.XPos - Control.Left;
P.Y := Message.YPos - Control.Top;
Message.Result := Control.Perform(Message.Msg, Message.Keys, Longint(PointToSmallPoint(P))); // 此时调试器显示msg的值是514，经过查询WM_LBUTTONUP = $0202;正是514，说明WM_LBUTTONUP消息被Image1的父控件正确转发给Image1
Result := True;
end;
end;

procedure TControl.WMLButtonUp(var Message: TWMLButtonUp);
begin
inherited; // 注意，如果是直接点击Form1，会执行TCustomForm.DefaultHandler(var Message);相当于给子类控件提供了新的处理消息的机会
if csCaptureMouse in ControlStyle then MouseCapture := False;
if csClicked in ControlState then
begin
Exclude(FControlState, csClicked);
if PtInRect(ClientRect, SmallPointToPoint(Message.Pos)) then
Click; // 先执行OnClick，后执行MouseUp
end;
DoMouseUp(Message, mbLeft);
end;

procedure TControl.Click;
begin
{ Call OnClick if assigned and not equal to associated action's OnExecute.
If associated action's OnExecute assigned then call it, otherwise, call
OnClick. }
if Assigned(FOnClick) and (Action <> nil) and (@FOnClick <> @Action.OnExecute) then
FOnClick(Self)
else if not (csDesigning in ComponentState) and (ActionLink <> nil) then
ActionLink.Execute(Self)
else if Assigned(FOnClick) then
FOnClick(Self); // 执行Image1Click，注意它的Sender参数
end;