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learn python the hard way(笨办法学python) 练习39

2016-02-22 09:08 211 查看
练习39中,我们主要学会了运用字典。

下面来介绍一下书中没有介绍到的知识点:

stuff = {'name': 'Zed', 'age': 39, 'height': 6 * 12 + 2}

stuff字典中,‘name' 称为key(键),’Zed‘ 称为Value(值)。

本篇练习中,比较难理解的有以下几点:

1.dicts中,for循环的运用

for state, abbrev in states.items():
print "%s is abbreviated %s" % (state, abbrev)

这段程序当中,for循环和以往学的不一样,原因是我们使用的是字典中每个单元由分别由key和value组成,如:

states = {
'Oregon': 'OR',
'Florida': 'FL',
'California': 'CA',
'New York': 'NY',
'Michigan': 'MI'
}

所以,这里的for循环中的字符串需要两个变量来赋值,in后面也要变成states.item()

2.dict.get()的运用

Python 字典(Dictionary) get() 函数返回指定键的值,如果值不在字典中返回默认值。

dict.get(key, default=None)


key -- 字典中要查找的键。

default -- 如果指定键的值不存在时,返回该默认值值。

书中例题:

state = states.get('Texas')

if not state:
print "Sorry, no Texas."

city = cities.get('TX', 'Does Not Exist')
print "The city for the state 'TX' is: %s" % city


可另写以下程序来认识dict.get()的运用:

state = states.get('Oregon')

if state:
print "YES."
else:
print "NO."

city = cities.get('CA', 'Does Not Exist')
print "The city for the state 'CA' is: %s" % city


我们也可以把这段程序写得更有趣一些:

print "Let's search the abbreviation of the state."
a = raw_input( "state's name:")
state = states.get(a)

if state:
    print "The %s 's abbrev is %s"% (a, state)
else:
    print "Sorry, cannot find this state."

# get a city with a default value
print "Let's search which city is in the state."
b = raw_input( "state's abbreviation:")
city = cities.get(b, 'Does Not Exist')
print "The city for the state '%s' is: %s" % (b, city)
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