Python 基础——random模块
2016-02-17 12:34
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import random
random.random() :0-1 均匀分布
random.randint() 还是 random.randrange()接收的前两个参数都是具体的数值,表示区间的两个端点,如果此时我们提供的是 list 或 tuple 类型的参数(二元),可在前面加上*号,将其解析为位置参数(positional arguments)(位置参数的理解见 Python 进阶 —— 可变参数(*args, **kw)与参数收集的逆过程)
>> random.randint(1, 3) 3 >> interval = [1, 3] >> random.randint(interval) TypeError: randint() takes exactly 3 arguments (2 given) >> random.randint(*interval) 3
1. random.randint(a, b)
注意,包含a、b两个端点;>>> [[random.randint(0, 9) for _ in range(10)] for _ in range(5)] [[9, 1, 2, 8, 7, 3, 1, 8, 5, 4], [1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 7, 5, 9, 7, 8], [9, 0, 8, 6, 4, 8, 7, 4, 0, 7], [9, 7, 3, 3, 9, 4, 4, 9, 9, 4], [9, 5, 6, 6, 7, 0, 4, 8, 4, 8]]
2. random.randrange(a, b)
和 randint 所不同的是,不包含右端点;3. random.choice(sequence)
从序列中等概率地获取一个元素;非常 practical 的一个函数
>>> coin = random.choice((0, 1)) # 硬币的模拟 >>> die = random.choice(range(1, 7)) # 骰子的模拟 >>> random.choice('NSEW') # 向东南西北四个方向随机游走
4. random.shuffle
一次排列>>> l = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] >>> random.shuffle(l) >>> l [[7, 8, 9], [4, 5, 6], [1, 2, 3]] # 仅按第一个维度(也即行),进行 shuffle # 而不会影响到第二个维度,也即每一个列表内的元素
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