inotify使用范例
2016-02-01 10:53
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好久没更新博客了,来写一篇!
一. 应用层接口:
1. 函数原型:
int fd = inotify_init ();
//添加一个watch, path 可以使文件或者目录, mask见<linux/inotify.h>
int wd = inotify_add_watch (fd, path, mask);
int ret = inotify_rm_watch (fd, wd);//移除一个watch
2. struct inotify_event
代表一次事件: IN_CREATE,
IN_DELETE, IN_OPEN, IN_CLOSE
struct inotify_event {
int
wd;
/* watch descriptor */
uint32_t
mask;
/* watch mask */
uint32_t
cookie;
/* cookie to synchronize two events */
uint32_t
len;
/* length (including nulls) of name */
char
name __flexarr;
/* stub for possible name */
};
3. 读取事件
//buf指向一个inotify_event的数组, 根据BUF_LEN填充合适的event
size_t len = read (fd, buf, BUF_LEN);
ioctl( inotify_fd, FIONREAD, &bytes_to_read );
4. poll事件
fd也可以用select和poll函数
二. kernel接口
1. 函数原型:
struct inotify_handle *inotify_init(struct inotify_operations
*ops);
inotify_init_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
s32 inotify_add_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch, struct inode *inode, u32 mask);
s32 inotify_find_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode, struct inotify_watch **watchp);
s32 inotify_find_update_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode, u32 mask);
int inotify_rm_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih, u32 wd);
int inotify_rm_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch);
void inotify_remove_watch_locked(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch);
void inotify_destroy(struct inotify_handle *ih);
void get_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
void put_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
附上实现的代码:(哇哈哈)
inotify.h:
main.c:
运行后,进入你要监听的目录,ls一下,就会收到事件了!!
一. 应用层接口:
1. 函数原型:
int fd = inotify_init ();
//添加一个watch, path 可以使文件或者目录, mask见<linux/inotify.h>
int wd = inotify_add_watch (fd, path, mask);
int ret = inotify_rm_watch (fd, wd);//移除一个watch
2. struct inotify_event
代表一次事件: IN_CREATE,
IN_DELETE, IN_OPEN, IN_CLOSE
struct inotify_event {
int
wd;
/* watch descriptor */
uint32_t
mask;
/* watch mask */
uint32_t
cookie;
/* cookie to synchronize two events */
uint32_t
len;
/* length (including nulls) of name */
char
name __flexarr;
/* stub for possible name */
};
3. 读取事件
//buf指向一个inotify_event的数组, 根据BUF_LEN填充合适的event
size_t len = read (fd, buf, BUF_LEN);
ioctl( inotify_fd, FIONREAD, &bytes_to_read );
4. poll事件
fd也可以用select和poll函数
二. kernel接口
1. 函数原型:
struct inotify_handle *inotify_init(struct inotify_operations
*ops);
inotify_init_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
s32 inotify_add_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch, struct inode *inode, u32 mask);
s32 inotify_find_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode, struct inotify_watch **watchp);
s32 inotify_find_update_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inode *inode, u32 mask);
int inotify_rm_wd(struct inotify_handle *ih, u32 wd);
int inotify_rm_watch(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch);
void inotify_remove_watch_locked(struct inotify_handle *ih, struct inotify_watch *watch);
void inotify_destroy(struct inotify_handle *ih);
void get_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
void put_inotify_watch(struct inotify_watch *watch);
附上实现的代码:(哇哈哈)
inotify.h:
/* * This header is used if <sys/inotify.h> cannot be found. * * Inode based directory notification for Linux * * Copyright (C) 2005 John McCutchan */ #ifndef _LINUX_INOTIFY_H #define _LINUX_INOTIFY_H #include <stdint.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #include <unistd.h> /* * struct inotify_event - structure read from the inotify device for each event * * When you are watching a directory, you will receive the filename for events * such as IN_CREATE, IN_DELETE, IN_OPEN, IN_CLOSE, ..., relative to the wd. */ struct inotify_event { int wd; /* watch descriptor */ uint32_t mask; /* watch mask */ uint32_t cookie; /* cookie to synchronize two events */ uint32_t len; /* length (including nulls) of name */ char name __flexarr; /* stub for possible name */ }; /* the following are legal, implemented events that user-space can watch for */ #define IN_ACCESS 0x00000001 /* File was accessed */ #define IN_MODIFY 0x00000002 /* File was modified */ #define IN_ATTRIB 0x00000004 /* Metadata changed */ #define IN_CLOSE_WRITE 0x00000008 /* Writtable file was closed */ #define IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE 0x00000010 /* Unwrittable file closed */ #define IN_OPEN 0x00000020 /* File was opened */ #define IN_MOVED_FROM 0x00000040 /* File was moved from X */ #define IN_MOVED_TO 0x00000080 /* File was moved to Y */ #define IN_CREATE 0x00000100 /* Subfile was created */ #define IN_DELETE 0x00000200 /* Subfile was deleted */ #define IN_DELETE_SELF 0x00000400 /* Self was deleted */ #define IN_MOVE_SELF 0x00000800 /* Self was moved */ /* the following are legal events. they are sent as needed to any watch */ #define IN_UNMOUNT 0x00002000 /* Backing fs was unmounted */ #define IN_Q_OVERFLOW 0x00004000 /* Event queued overflowed */ #define IN_IGNORED 0x00008000 /* File was ignored */ /* helper events */ #define IN_CLOSE (IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE) /* close */ #define IN_MOVE (IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO) /* moves */ /* special flags */ #define IN_ONLYDIR 0x01000000 /* only watch the path if it is a directory */ #define IN_DONT_FOLLOW 0x02000000 /* don't follow a sym link */ #define IN_MASK_ADD 0x20000000 /* add to the mask of an already existing watch */ #define IN_ISDIR 0x40000000 /* event occurred against dir */ #define IN_ONESHOT 0x80000000 /* only send event once */ /* * All of the events - we build the list by hand so that we can add flags in * the future and not break backward compatibility. Apps will get only the * events that they originally wanted. Be sure to add new events here! */ #define IN_ALL_EVENTS (IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY | IN_ATTRIB | IN_CLOSE_WRITE | \ IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE | IN_OPEN | IN_MOVED_FROM | \ IN_MOVED_TO | IN_DELETE | IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE_SELF | \ IN_MOVE_SELF) #if defined (__alpha__) # define __NR_inotify_init 444 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 445 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 446 #elif defined (__arm__) # define __NR_inotify_init (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+316) # define __NR_inotify_add_watch (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+317) # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch (__NR_SYSCALL_BASE+318) #elif defined (__frv__) # define __NR_inotify_init 291 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 292 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 293 #elif defined(__i386__) # define __NR_inotify_init 291 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 292 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 293 #elif defined (__ia64__) # define __NR_inotify_init 1277 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 1278 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 1279 #elif defined (__mips__) # if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32 # define __NR_inotify_init (__NR_Linux + 284) # define __NR_inotify_add_watch (__NR_Linux + 285) # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch (__NR_Linux + 286) # endif # if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64 # define __NR_inotify_init (__NR_Linux + 243) # define __NR_inotify_add_watch (__NR_Linux + 243) # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch (__NR_Linux + 243) # endif # if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32 # define __NR_inotify_init (__NR_Linux + 247) # define __NR_inotify_add_watch (__NR_Linux + 248) # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch (__NR_Linux + 249) # endif #elif defined(__parisc__) # define __NR_inotify_init (__NR_Linux + 269) # define __NR_inotify_add_watch (__NR_Linux + 270) # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch (__NR_Linux + 271) #elif defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__powerpc64__) # define __NR_inotify_init 275 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 276 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 277 #elif defined (__s390__) # define __NR_inotify_init 284 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 285 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 286 #elif defined (__sh__) # define __NR_inotify_init 290 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 291 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 292 #elif defined (__sh64__) # define __NR_inotify_init 318 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 319 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 320 #elif defined (__sparc__) || defined (__sparc64__) # define __NR_inotify_init 151 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 152 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 156 #elif defined(__x86_64__) # define __NR_inotify_init 253 # define __NR_inotify_add_watch 254 # define __NR_inotify_rm_watch 255 #else # error "Unsupported architecture!" #endif static inline int inotify_init (void) { return syscall (__NR_inotify_init); } static inline int inotify_add_watch (int fd, const char *name, uint32_t mask) { return syscall (__NR_inotify_add_watch, fd, name, mask); } static inline int inotify_rm_watch (int fd, uint32_t wd) { return syscall (__NR_inotify_rm_watch, fd, wd); } #endif /* _LINUX_INOTIFY_H */
main.c:
#include <poll.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <ctype.h> #include <signal.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/ioctl.h> #include "inotify.h" void show_event(struct inotify_event *events, int num_event) { int i; struct inotify_event *e =events; for(i = 0; i < num_event; i++){ printf("wd = %d, mask = 0x%02x, cookie = %u, len = %u\n", e->wd, e->mask, e->cookie, e->len); e++; } } void show_data(char * dat, int len) { int i; int line_num = 16; for(i = 0; i < len; i ++){ if(i % line_num == 0 && i != 0) printf("\n"); printf("0x%02x ", dat[i]); } printf("\n----------------------------------------\n"); } void use_read(int fd) { #define BUF_LEN 1024 char buf[BUF_LEN]; int len = read(fd, buf, BUF_LEN); int num_events = len / sizeof(struct inotify_event); printf("read len = %d, num_events = %d\n", len, num_events); show_data(buf, len); show_event((struct inotify_event *)buf, num_events); } void use_select(int fd) { #define BUF_LEN 1024 char buf[BUF_LEN]; fd_set read_fds; int rc; unsigned int bytes_to_read; /*struct timeval timeout; timeout.tv_sec = 0; timeout.tv_usec = 0;*/ FD_ZERO(&read_fds); FD_SET(fd, &read_fds); while(1){ rc = select(fd + 1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL); if(rc < 0){ printf("select error: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return; } rc = ioctl(fd, FIONREAD, &bytes_to_read ); if(rc < 0){ printf("ioctl error: %s\n", strerror(errno)); return; } printf("----->current event queue = %u\n", bytes_to_read); int len = read(fd, buf, BUF_LEN); int num_events = len / sizeof(struct inotify_event); printf("read len = %d, num_events = %d\n", len, num_events); show_event((struct inotify_event *)buf, num_events); } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int fd; if(argc != 2){ printf("usage: ./inotify <path>\n"); exit(1); } fd = inotify_init(); int wd = inotify_add_watch(fd, argv[1], IN_ALL_EVENTS); //use_read(fd); use_select(fd); inotify_rm_watch(fd, wd); return 0; }
运行后,进入你要监听的目录,ls一下,就会收到事件了!!
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