opengl学习笔记1：vs2013 nehe教程第一课 创建窗口

近来需要想学习一下opengl，但是小白没有任何基础，也非计算机专业出身，只能一步一步学习nehe的程序来学习了。这里实现了在WIN10 vs2013 opengl2.0 环境下跑通nehe教程第一课的程序。

1.系统配置

“工欲善其事，必先利其器”，所以先介绍一下环境配置，把器搞好了先。

vs2013 下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1hrk3tvm

opengl下载：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1nuajU1z

这里glut glew和 glaux 放一起了



新建vs2013 “win32项目” 工程



由于我把lib .h 和dll文件放在一个目录下了

属性->vc++目录->包含目录中添加D:\software_install\opengl

属性->vc++目录->库目录中添加D:\software_install\opengl

属性->链接器->输入->附加依赖项中添加

glew32.lib

glew32mx.lib

glew32mxs.lib

GLAUX.LIB

glew32s.lib

系统环境变量Path 增加 D:\software_install\opengl

2.窗口创建程序

nehe教程地址：http://www.yakergong.net/nehe/

但是直接把代码从copy下来是无法实现运行的，需要调整一下。

1：LPCWSTR 和 char*

需要把代码里面的char* 类型转换为 LPCWSTR类型。这类用TEXT 讲char* 型转化为LPCWSTR。

if (!RegisterClass(&wc))                                    // Attempt To Register The Window Class
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Register The Window Class."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                                           // Return FALSE
}

采用MultiByteToWideChar 进行转化，把char* filename转为wszClaasName

AUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char* Filename)                    // 载入位图图象
{
FILE *File = NULL;                          // 文件句柄
if (!Filename)                              // 确保文件名已提供
{
return NULL;                            // 如果没提供，返回 NULL
}
fopen_s(&File, Filename, "r");                      // 尝试打开文件

WCHAR wszClassName[256];
memset(wszClassName, 0, sizeof(wszClassName));
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, Filename, strlen(Filename) + 1, wszClassName, sizeof(wszClassName) / sizeof(wszClassName[0]));

if (File)                               // 文件存在么?
{
fclose(File);                           // 关闭句柄
return auxDIBImageLoad(wszClassName);               // 载入位图并返回指针
}
return NULL;                                // 如果载入失败，返回 NULL
}

2：auxDIBImageLoad函数读取bmp图

当图片是jpg图片时。必须用画图工具”另存为“方式转为bmp图，而直接改后缀名字是无效的。

参考：/article/1480419.html

结果

4 code

/*
*       This Code Was Created By Jeff Molofee 2000
*       A HUGE Thanks To Fredric Echols For Cleaning Up
*       And Optimizing This Code, Making It More Flexible!
*       If You've Found This Code Useful, Please Let Me Know.
*       Visit My Site At nehe.gamedev.net
*/

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "cstring"
#include <windows.h>        // Windows的头文件
#include <glew.h>
#include <glaux.h>
#include <glut.h>
#include<stdio.h>//标准输入输出库的头文件

#pragma comment（lib, "glut32.lib"）
#pragma comment（lib, "glut.lib"）
#pragma comment（lib, "glew32.lib"）
#pragma comment（lib, "glew32mx.lib"）
#pragma comment（lib, "glew32mxs.lib"）
#pragma comment（lib, "glaux.lib"）

HDC         hDC = NULL;     // Private GDI Device Context
HGLRC       hRC = NULL;     // Permanent Rendering Context
HWND        hWnd = NULL;        // Holds Our Window Handle
HINSTANCE   hInstance;      // Holds The Instance Of The Application

bool    keys[256];          // Array Used For The Keyboard Routine
bool    active = TRUE;      // Window Active Flag Set To TRUE By Default
bool    fullscreen = TRUE;  // Fullscreen Flag Set To Fullscreen Mode By Default
bool    light;//光源的开关
bool    lp;
bool    fp;

GLfloat  xrot;//x旋转量
GLfloat  yrot;//y旋转量
GLfloat  xspeed;//x旋转速度
GLfloat  yspeed;//y旋转速度
GLfloat  z = -0.5f;//深入屏幕的距离

GLfloat LightAmbient[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f };//环境光参系数
GLfloat LightDiffuse[] = { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f };//漫射光参系数
GLfloat LightPosition[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f };//光源位置

GLuint   filter;//滤波类型
GLuint   texture[3];//3种纹理的存储空间

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);   // Declaration For WndProc

AUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char* Filename)                    // 载入位图图象
{
FILE *File = NULL;                          // 文件句柄

if(!Filename)                               // 确保文件名已提供
{
return NULL;                            // 如果没提供，返回 NULL
}

fopen_s(&File, Filename, "r");                      // 尝试打开文件

WCHAR wszClassName[256];
memset(wszClassName, 0, sizeof(wszClassName));
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, Filename, strlen(Filename) + 1, wszClassName, sizeof(wszClassName) / sizeof(wszClassName[0]));

if(File)                                // 文件存在么?
{
fclose(File);                           // 关闭句柄
return auxDIBImageLoad(wszClassName);               // 载入位图并返回指针
}

return NULL;                                // 如果载入失败，返回 NULL
}

int LoadGLTextures()                                // 载入位图(调用上面的代码)并转换成纹理
{
int Status = FALSE;                         // 状态指示器
AUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1];                   // 创建纹理的存储空间
memset(TextureImage, 0, sizeof(void *) * 1);                // 将指针设为 NULL

// 载入位图，检查有无错误，如果位图没找到则退出
if(TextureImage[0] = LoadBMP("sample_image.bmp"))
{
Status = TRUE;                          // 将 Status 设为 TRUE
glGenTextures(3, &texture[0]);                  // 创建纹理

// 创建 Nearest 滤波贴图
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
// 创建线性滤波纹理
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
// 创建 MipMapped 纹理
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST);
gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data);
}

if(TextureImage[0])                         // 纹理是否存在
{
if(TextureImage[0]->data)                   // 纹理图像是否存在
{
free(TextureImage[0]->data);                // 释放纹理图像占用的内存
}

free(TextureImage[0]);                      // 释放图像结构
}

return Status;                              // 返回 Status
}

GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height)     // Resize And Initialize The GL Window
{
if(height == 0)                                     // Prevent A Divide By Zero By
{
height = 1;                                     // Making Height Equal One
}

glViewport(0, 0, width, height);                        // Reset The Current Viewport

glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);                        // Select The Projection Matrix
glLoadIdentity();                                   // Reset The Projection Matrix

// Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window
gluPerspective(45.0f, (GLfloat)width / (GLfloat)height, 0.1f, 100.0f);

glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);                         // Select The Modelview Matrix
glLoadIdentity();                                   // Reset The Modelview Matrix
}

int InitGL(GLvoid)                                      // All Setup For OpenGL Goes Here
{
if(!LoadGLTextures())                           // 调用纹理载入子例程
{
return FALSE;                           // 如果未能载入，返回FALSE
}

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);                        // 启用纹理映射
glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);                            // Enable Smooth Shading
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);               // Black Background
glClearDepth(1.0f);                                 // Depth Buffer Setup
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);                            // Enables Depth Testing
glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);                             // The Type Of Depth Testing To Do
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST);  // Really Nice Perspective Calculations

glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient);             // 设置环境光
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse);             // 设置漫射光
glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION, LightPosition);           // 设置光源位置

glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);                            // 启用一号光源

return TRUE;                                        // Initialization Went OK
}

int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)                                 // Here's Where We Do All The Drawing
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear Screen And Depth Buffer
glLoadIdentity();                                   // Reset The Current Modelview Matrix
glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, z);//并移入屏幕z个单位
glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);//绕x轴旋转
glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);//绕y轴旋转
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[filter]);

glBegin(GL_QUADS);
// 前面
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的左下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的右下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);   // 纹理和四边形的右上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的左上
// 后面
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);    // 纹理和四边形的右下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的右上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的左上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的左下
// 顶面
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的左上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的左下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);   // 纹理和四边形的右下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的右上
// 底面
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);    // 纹理和四边形的右上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的左上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的左下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的右下
// 右面
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的右下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的右上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);   // 纹理和四边形的左上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的左下
// 左面
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);    // 纹理和四边形的左下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的右下
glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);  // 纹理和四边形的右上
glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f);
glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // 纹理和四边形的左上
glEnd();

xrot += 0.3f;                               // X 轴旋转
yrot += 0.2f;                               // Y 轴旋转

return true;                                // 继续运行
}

GLvoid KillGLWindow(GLvoid)                             // Properly Kill The Window
{
if(fullscreen)                                      // Are We In Fullscreen Mode?
{
ChangeDisplaySettings(NULL, 0);                 // If So Switch Back To The Desktop
ShowCursor(TRUE);                               // Show Mouse Pointer
}

if(hRC)                                         // Do We Have A Rendering Context?
{
if(!wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL))                 // Are We Able To Release The DC And RC Contexts?
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Release Of DC And RC Failed."), TEXT("SHUTDOWN ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}

if(!wglDeleteContext(hRC))                      // Are We Able To Delete The RC?
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Release Rendering Context Failed."), TEXT("SHUTDOWN ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
}

hRC = NULL;                                     // Set RC To NULL
}

if(hDC && !ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC))                    // Are We Able To Release The DC
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Release Device Context Failed."), TEXT("SHUTDOWN ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hDC = NULL;                                     // Set DC To NULL
}

if(hWnd && !DestroyWindow(hWnd))                    // Are We Able To Destroy The Window?
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Could Not Release hWnd."), TEXT("SHUTDOWN ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hWnd = NULL;                                        // Set hWnd To NULL
}

if(!UnregisterClass((LPCTSTR)"OpenGL", hInstance))          // Are We Able To Unregister Class
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Could Not Unregister Class."), TEXT("SHUTDOWN ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION);
hInstance = NULL;                                   // Set hInstance To NULL
}
}

/*  This Code Creates Our OpenGL Window.  Parameters Are:                   *
*   title           - Title To Appear At The Top Of The Window              *
*   width           - Width Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode             *
*   height          - Height Of The GL Window Or Fullscreen Mode            *
*   bits            - Number Of Bits To Use For Color (8/16/24/32)          *
*   fullscreenflag  - Use Fullscreen Mode (TRUE) Or Windowed Mode (FALSE)   */

BOOL CreateGLWindow(LPCWSTR title, int width, int height, int bits, bool fullscreenflag)
{
GLuint      PixelFormat;            // Holds The Results After Searching For A Match
WNDCLASS    wc;                     // Windows Class Structure
DWORD       dwExStyle;              // Window Extended Style
DWORD       dwStyle;                // Window Style
RECT        WindowRect;             // Grabs Rectangle Upper Left / Lower Right Values
WindowRect.left = (long)0;          // Set Left Value To 0
WindowRect.right = (long)width;     // Set Right Value To Requested Width
WindowRect.top = (long)0;               // Set Top Value To 0
WindowRect.bottom = (long)height;       // Set Bottom Value To Requested Height

fullscreen = fullscreenflag;            // Set The Global Fullscreen Flag

hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);              // Grab An Instance For Our Window
wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_OWNDC;  // Redraw On Size, And Own DC For Window.
wc.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;                  // WndProc Handles Messages
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;                                  // No Extra Window Data
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;                                  // No Extra Window Data
wc.hInstance = hInstance;                           // Set The Instance
wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_WINLOGO);         // Load The Default Icon
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);           // Load The Arrow Pointer
wc.hbrBackground = NULL;                                    // No Background Required For GL
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;                                 // We Don't Want A Menu
wc.lpszClassName = TEXT("OpenGL");                              // Set The Class Name

if(!RegisterClass(&wc))                                 // Attempt To Register The Window Class
{
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Failed To Register The Window Class."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                                           // Return FALSE
}

if(fullscreen)                                              // Attempt Fullscreen Mode?
{
DEVMODE dmScreenSettings;                               // Device Mode
memset(&dmScreenSettings, 0, sizeof(dmScreenSettings)); // Makes Sure Memory's Cleared
dmScreenSettings.dmSize = sizeof(dmScreenSettings);     // Size Of The Devmode Structure
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsWidth = width;               // Selected Screen Width
dmScreenSettings.dmPelsHeight = height;             // Selected Screen Height
dmScreenSettings.dmBitsPerPel = bits;                   // Selected Bits Per Pixel
dmScreenSettings.dmFields = DM_BITSPERPEL | DM_PELSWIDTH | DM_PELSHEIGHT;

// Try To Set Selected Mode And Get Results.  NOTE: CDS_FULLSCREEN Gets Rid Of Start Bar.
if(ChangeDisplaySettings(&dmScreenSettings, CDS_FULLSCREEN) != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL)
{
// If The Mode Fails, Offer Two Options.  Quit Or Use Windowed Mode.
if(MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("The Requested Fullscreen Mode Is Not Supported By\nYour Video Card. Use Windowed Mode Instead?"), TEXT("NeHe GL"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION) == IDYES)
{
fullscreen = FALSE;     // Windowed Mode Selected.  Fullscreen = FALSE
}
else
{
// Pop Up A Message Box Letting User Know The Program Is Closing.
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Program Will Now Close."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
return FALSE;                                   // Return FALSE
}
}
}

if(fullscreen)                                              // Are We Still In Fullscreen Mode?
{
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW;                                // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_POPUP;                                     // Windows Style
ShowCursor(FALSE);                                      // Hide Mouse Pointer
}
else
{
dwExStyle = WS_EX_APPWINDOW | WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE;         // Window Extended Style
dwStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;                          // Windows Style
}

AdjustWindowRectEx(&WindowRect, dwStyle, FALSE, dwExStyle);     // Adjust Window To True Requested Size
LPCWSTR cn = TEXT("OpenGL");
// Create The Window
hWnd = CreateWindowEx(dwExStyle,                            // Extended Style For The Window
cn,                       // Class Name
title,                                // Window Title
dwStyle |                         // Defined Window Style
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS |                 // Required Window Style
WS_CLIPCHILDREN,                  // Required Window Style
0, 0,                             // Window Position
WindowRect.right - WindowRect.left,   // Calculate Window Width
WindowRect.bottom - WindowRect.top,   // Calculate Window Height
NULL,                             // No Parent Window
NULL,                             // No Menu
hInstance,                            // Instance
NULL);

if(!hWnd)                               // Dont Pass Anything To WM_CREATE
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Window Creation Error."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

static  PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd =             // pfd Tells Windows How We Want Things To Be
{
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR),              // Size Of This Pixel Format Descriptor
1,                                          // Version Number
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW |                        // Format Must Support Window
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |                        // Format Must Support OpenGL
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,                           // Must Support Double Buffering
PFD_TYPE_RGBA,                              // Request An RGBA Format
bits,                                       // Select Our Color Depth
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,                           // Color Bits Ignored
0,                                          // No Alpha Buffer
0,                                          // Shift Bit Ignored
0,                                          // No Accumulation Buffer
0, 0, 0, 0,                                 // Accumulation Bits Ignored
16,                                         // 16Bit Z-Buffer (Depth Buffer)
0,                                          // No Stencil Buffer
0,                                          // No Auxiliary Buffer
PFD_MAIN_PLANE,                             // Main Drawing Layer
0,                                          // Reserved
0, 0, 0                                     // Layer Masks Ignored
};

if(!(hDC = GetDC(hWnd)))                            // Did We Get A Device Context?
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Can't Create A GL Device Context."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

if(!(PixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd)))   // Did Windows Find A Matching Pixel Format?
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Can't Find A Suitable PixelFormat."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

if(!SetPixelFormat(hDC, PixelFormat, &pfd))     // Are We Able To Set The Pixel Format?
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Can't Set The PixelFormat."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

if(!(hRC = wglCreateContext(hDC)))              // Are We Able To Get A Rendering Context?
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Can't Create A GL Rendering Context."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

if(!wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hRC))                   // Try To Activate The Rendering Context
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Can't Activate The GL Rendering Context."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);                      // Show The Window
SetForegroundWindow(hWnd);                      // Slightly Higher Priority
SetFocus(hWnd);                                 // Sets Keyboard Focus To The Window
ReSizeGLScene(width, height);                   // Set Up Our Perspective GL Screen

if(!InitGL())                                   // Initialize Our Newly Created GL Window
{
KillGLWindow();                             // Reset The Display
MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Initialization Failed."), TEXT("ERROR"), MB_OK | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
return FALSE;                               // Return FALSE
}

return TRUE;                                    // Success
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND   hWnd,           // Handle For This Window
UINT   uMsg,           // Message For This Window
WPARAM wParam,         // Additional Message Information
LPARAM lParam)         // Additional Message Information
{
switch(uMsg)                                    // Check For Windows Messages
{
case WM_ACTIVATE:                           // Watch For Window Activate Message
{
if(!HIWORD(wParam))                 // Check Minimization State
{
active = TRUE;                      // Program Is Active
}
else
{
active = FALSE;                     // Program Is No Longer Active
}

return 0;                               // Return To The Message Loop
}

case WM_SYSCOMMAND:                         // Intercept System Commands
{
switch(wParam)                          // Check System Calls
{
case SC_SCREENSAVE:                 // Screensaver Trying To Start?
case SC_MONITORPOWER:               // Monitor Trying To Enter Powersave?
return 0;                           // Prevent From Happening
}

break;                                  // Exit
}

case WM_CLOSE:                              // Did We Receive A Close Message?
{
PostQuitMessage(0);                     // Send A Quit Message
return 0;                               // Jump Back
}

case WM_KEYDOWN:                            // Is A Key Being Held Down?
{
keys[wParam] = TRUE;                    // If So, Mark It As TRUE
return 0;                               // Jump Back
}

case WM_KEYUP:                              // Has A Key Been Released?
{
keys[wParam] = FALSE;                   // If So, Mark It As FALSE
return 0;                               // Jump Back
}

case WM_SIZE:                               // Resize The OpenGL Window
{
ReSizeGLScene(LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));  // LoWord=Width, HiWord=Height
return 0;                               // Jump Back
}
}

// Pass All Unhandled Messages To DefWindowProc
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE    hInstance,          // Instance
HINSTANCE    hPrevInstance,      // Previous Instance
LPSTR        lpCmdLine,          // Command Line Parameters
int          nCmdShow)           // Window Show State
{
MSG     msg;                                    // Windows Message Structure
BOOL    done = FALSE;                               // Bool Variable To Exit Loop

// Ask The User Which Screen Mode They Prefer
if(MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Would You Like To Run In Fullscreen Mode?"), TEXT("Start FullScreen?"), MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION) == IDNO)
{
fullscreen = FALSE;                         // Windowed Mode
}

// Create Our OpenGL Window
if(!CreateGLWindow(TEXT("NeHe's 3D空间"), 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
{
return 0;                                   // Quit If Window Was Not Created
}

while(!done)                                    // Loop That Runs While done=FALSE
{
if(PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))    // Is There A Message Waiting?
{
if(msg.message == WM_QUIT)              // Have We Received A Quit Message?
{
done = TRUE;                            // If So done=TRUE
}
else                                    // If Not, Deal With Window Messages
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);             // Translate The Message
DispatchMessage(&msg);              // Dispatch The Message
}
}
else                                        // If There Are No Messages
{
// Draw The Scene.  Watch For ESC Key And Quit Messages From DrawGLScene()
if(active)                              // Program Active?
{
if(keys[VK_ESCAPE])             // Was ESC Pressed?
{
done = TRUE;                        // ESC Signalled A Quit
}
else                                // Not Time To Quit, Update Screen
{
DrawGLScene();                  // Draw The Scene
SwapBuffers(hDC);               // Swap Buffers (Double Buffering)
}
}

if(keys[VK_F1])                     // Is F1 Being Pressed?
{
keys[VK_F1] = FALSE;                    // If So Make Key FALSE
KillGLWindow();                     // Kill Our Current Window
fullscreen = !fullscreen;               // Toggle Fullscreen / Windowed Mode

// Recreate Our OpenGL Window
if(!CreateGLWindow(TEXT("NeHe's 3D空间"), 640, 480, 16, fullscreen))
{
return 0;                       // Quit If Window Was Not Created
}
}
}
}

// Shutdown
KillGLWindow();                                 // Kill The Window
return (msg.wParam);                            // Exit The Program
}