您的位置:首页 > 其它

【Storm入门指南】第二章 入门实例

2016-01-19 17:29 375 查看
本章将演示创建一个 Storm 工程和第一个 topology。

下文是建立在你的机器上安装有 JRE 1.6 及以上的环境。建议使用Oralce JRE,可从 http://www.java.com/download 获得。


2.1 运行模式

在开始之前,理解 Storm 的运行模式很重要。Storm 有两种运行模式。


2.1.1 本地模式

在本地模式中,Storm 运行在本地机器上的一个JVM中。由于可以方便看到所有 topology 组件的运行信息,这种模式可用来开发、测试调试。在这种模式下,可以调整参数来观察 topology 在不同的 Storm 配置环境下的运行状况。为了在本地模式下运行 topology,我们仅需将运行和测试 topology 的 Storm 相关依赖下载下来。一会创建第一个 Storm 工程的时候,将会看到发生了什么。

在本地模式下运行 topology 与集群环境下很相似。但是重要的一点是:确保所有组件都是线程安全的。因为当将 topology 部署到在远程模式时,它们将运行在不同物理机上的不同JVM时,不能够直接交流和共享内存。

本章的所有实例,都运行在本地模式下。


2.1.2 远程模式

在远程模式中,我们将 topology 提交到 Storm 集群,通常是运行在不同机器上由许多处理组件组成 。远程模式不显示调试信息,这也是为什么它被认为是生产模式。然而,我们也可能在一台开发机器上创建 Storm 集群。在部署到生产环境之前,最好这样做以便验证在生产环境下运行 topology 是否会有问题。

你将在第六章学习远程模式,我将在附录A中演示如何安装一个集群。


2.2 Storm,你好!

在本节,我们将创建一个简单的用来统计单词频率的 topology。我们可以将此视为 Storm topology 的 “Hello World” 项目。然而,由于可扩展到任意无穷数目的机器上,它的威力无穷。并且,只需要一点点改动,我们就能够在此基础上创建出一个统计系统。作为示例,我们将展示如何修改这个项目让它来确定Twitter上的流行话题。

为了创建 topology,我们使用一个 spout 负责读取单词,一个 bolt 将单词转换成小写的,另一个 bolt 统计单词频率。[如图2.1所示]



本示例的代码可从 http://github.com/storm-book/examples-ch02-getting_started/zipball/master 下载。

如果你使用 Git,你可以运行
git
clone git@github.com:storm-book/examples-ch02-getting_started
将其拉到你想要保存的目录中。


2.2.1 检查Java安装

第一步设置环境的工作是检查Java版本。打开一个终端,运行
java -version
指令,可以看到如下一些相似的信息:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span>
java -version

java version "1.6.0_26"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_26-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 20.1-b02, mixed mode)

如果不是,请检查你安装的Java。


2.2.2 创建工程

第一步,创建一个应用的目录(像所有Java应用那样),这个目录将包含工程的源码。

下一步,下载 Storm 依赖相关的 Jar 包,并把它们加入工程的 classpath。有两种方式:

下载依赖,解压,加入classpath
使用 Apache Maven

Maven 是一个软件项目综合管理工具。它可以用来管理一个项目开发周期的几个方面,从依赖到发布构建处理。本书我们将普遍地使用它。通过运行
mvn
来检查
Maven 是否已安装。如果没有,你可以从Apache Maven 官方主页下来。(http://maven.apache.org) 你不要成为 Maven 方面的专家从而使用
Storm。但是如果能够理解 Maven 运行的基本原理,将会很有用。你可以从Apache Maven 官方主页(http://maven.apache.org)找到更多有用的信息。

我们需要使用一个 pom.xml 文件来定义工程结构,该文件用来描述依赖、打包、源码等等。我们使用 nathanmarz设置的依赖和Maven仓库,可以从如下网页找到https://github.com/nathanmarz/storm/wiki/Maven

Storm 的 Maven 依赖包含所有本地模式下运行 Storm 的库。

我们可以使用这些依赖,编写一个包含可运行我们的topology所需的基本组件的 pom.xml 文件。

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">33</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">34</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">35</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">36</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">37</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">38</span>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>storm.book</groupId>
<artifactId>Getting-Started</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<compilerVersion>1.6</compilerVersion>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<!-- Repository where we can found the storm dependencies -->
<repository>
<id>clojars.org</id>
<url>http://clojars.org/repo</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<!-- Storm Dependency -->
<dependency>
<groupId>storm</groupId>
<artifactId>storm</artifactId>
<version>0.6.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

前面几行定义了工程的名称的版本,然后增加了一个编译插件用来告诉 Maven 如何编译我们的代码。接着定义仓库(Maven 支持一个项目中定义多个仓库)。clojars 是Storm依赖所在的仓库。Maven 会自动下载本地模式下运行Storm 所需的所有的子依赖。

项目将有如下的 Maven Java 工程典型的结构:
our-application-folder/
├── pom.xml
└── src
└── main
└── java
|   ├── spouts
|   └── bolts
└── resources


Java下面的目录将包含源码,单词文件将被放到 resource 目录。

执行
mkdir -p create
创建所需的父目录。


2.3 创建第一个 Topology

我们将创建一个处理单词计数的topology。可能本例子中的某些部分在本章不会详细介绍,但是会再接下来的章节阐述清楚。


2.3.1 Spout

WordReader
spout 是一个实现了
IRichSpout
的类。我们将在第四章介绍更多细节。
WordReader
负责读取文件、把每行文本传送至bolt。

spout 发射一组字段定义了的列表。这种结构允许不同类型的 bolt 读取相同 spout 的数据流,并定义字段供其他 bolt 做后续处理。

示例2-1 包括了该类的所有代码。
示例2-1:src/main/java/spouts/WordReader.javacode
view

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">33</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">34</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">35</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">36</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">37</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">38</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">39</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">40</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">41</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">42</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">43</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">44</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">45</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">46</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">47</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">48</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">49</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">50</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">51</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">52</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">53</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">54</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">55</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">56</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">57</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">58</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">59</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">60</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">61</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">62</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">63</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">64</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">65</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">66</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">67</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">68</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">69</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">70</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">71</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">72</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">73</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">74</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">75</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">76</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">77</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">78</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">79</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">80</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">81</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">82</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">83</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">84</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">85</span>
package spouts;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.Map;
import backtype.storm.spout.SpoutOutputCollector;
import backtype.storm.task.TopologyContext;
import backtype.storm.topology.IRichSpout;
import backtype.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Fields;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Values;

public class WordReader implements IRichSpout {

private SpoutOutputCollector collector;
private FileReader fileReader;
private boolean completed = false;
private TopologyContext context;

public boolean isDistributed() {return false;}
public void ack(Object msgId) {
System.out.println("OK:"+msgId);
}
public void close() {}
public void fail(Object msgId) {
System.out.println("FAIL:"+msgId);
}

/**
* The only thing that the methods will do It is emit each
* file line
*/
public void nextTuple() {
/**
* The nextuple it is called forever, so if we have been readed the file
* we will wait and then return
*/
if(completed){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
//Do nothing
}
return;
}
String str;
//Open the reader
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
try{
//Read all lines
while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){
/**
* By each line emmit a new value with the line as a their
*/
this.collector.emit(new Values(str),str);
}
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("Error reading tuple",e);
}finally{
completed = true;
}
}

/**
* We will create the file and get the collector object
*/
public void open(Map conf, TopologyContext context,
SpoutOutputCollector collector) {
try {
this.context = context;
this.fileReader = new FileReader(conf.get("wordsFile").toString());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error reading file ["+conf.get("wordFile")+"]");
}
this.collector = collector;
}

/**
* Declare the output field "word"
*/
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
declarer.declare(new Fields("line"));
}
}

spout 中第一个被调用的方法是
public void open(Map conf, TopologyContext
context, SpoutOutputCollector collector)
。参数解释:
TopologyContext
,包含所有的
topology 数据;
conf
对象,topology 定义中创建的;
SpoutOutputCollector
,发射数据供
bolt 处理。下面的代码块是其具体实现:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
public void open(Map conf, TopologyContext context,
SpoutOutputCollector collector) {
try {
this.context = context;
this.fileReader = new FileReader(conf.get("wordsFile").toString());
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Error reading file ["+conf.get("wordFile")+"]");
}
this.collector = collector;
}

在该方法中,我们也创建了用来读取文件的
reader
。下一个需要实现的方法是
public
void nextTuple()
,通过该方法发射可被 bolt 的数据。在我们的例子中,该方法将读取文件并发射每一行内容。

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
public void nextTuple() {
if(completed){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
//Do nothing
}
return;
}
String str;
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
try{
while((str = reader.readLine()) != null){
this.collector.emit(new Values(str),str);
}
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("Error reading tuple",e);
}finally{
completed = true;
}
}

Values
是一种实现
ArrayList
功能的结构,列表中的元素传入构造函数。

nextTuple()
ack()
fail()
一起被周期性地调用。当没有任务需要处理的时候,它必须释放线程控制,这样其他方法有机会被调用。所以
nextTuple
的第一行代码用来检查处理是否已完成:如果完成,线程睡眠至少1000毫秒从而在处理返回之前减少负载;如果还有任务需要被处理,文件中的每一行文本将被读取并发射出去。

一个元组(tuple)是一组数值列表,数值可以是任意类型的可被序列化的Java对象。默认情况下,Storm可以序列化如
strings
byte
arrays
ArrayList
HashMap
HashSet
等类型。


2.3.2 Bolts

现在,我们拥有一个 spout 来读取文件并每行为一个tuple发射出去。接下来要做的就是创建两个 bolt 来处理这些 tuple。这些 bolt 实现 backtype.storm.topology.IRichBolt 接口。

bolt 中最重要的方法是
execute(Tuple input)
,每接收一个tuple就被调用一次。bolt
在接收一个tuple后,可发射若干个 tuple。

一个 bolt 或 spout 可以根据需要反射足够多的 tuple。当
nextTuple
被执行时,它们可以发射0个、1个或者多个
tuple。你可以从第五章获得更多细节。

第一个 bolt 是
WordNormalizer
,用来处理每行文本并将其规范化,将文本分解成单词、转换成小写字母并去除头尾空字符。

首先,我们需要声明 bolt 输出的参数:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
declarer.declare(new Fields("word"));
}

这里,我们声明 bolt 将发射一个名字 word 的字段。

接下来,实现
public void execute(Tuple input)
方法来处理tuple:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
public void execute(Tuple input) {
String sentence = input.getString(0);
String[] words = sentence.split(" ");
for(String word : words){
word = word.trim();
if(!word.isEmpty()){
word = word.toLowerCase();
collector.emit(new Values(word));
}
}
}

第一行,从tuple中读取值,值可以按照位置或者名称来取得。值会被处理然后使用 collector 对象发射出去。当每个 tuple 被处理后,collector 的
ack()
方法被调用来表明处理成功执行。如果
tuple 不能被处理,collector 的
fail()
方法将被调用。

示例2-2包含了这个类的全部代码:
示例2-2:src/main/java/bolts/WordNormalizer.javacode
view

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">33</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">34</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">35</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">36</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">37</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">38</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">39</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">40</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">41</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">42</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">43</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">44</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">45</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">46</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">47</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">48</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">49</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">50</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">51</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">52</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">53</span>
package bolts;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import backtype.storm.task.OutputCollector;
import backtype.storm.task.TopologyContext;
import backtype.storm.topology.IRichBolt;
import backtype.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Fields;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Tuple;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Values;

public class WordNormalizer implement IRichBolt {
private OutputCollector collector;

public void cleanup() {}

/**
* The bolt will receive the line from the
* words file and process it to Normalize this line
*
* The normalize will be put the words in lower case
* and split the line to get all words in this
*/
public void execute(Tuple input) {
String sentence = input.getString(0);
String[] words = sentence.split(" ");
for(String word : words){
word = word.trim();
if(!word.isEmpty()){
word = word.toLowerCase();
//Emit the word
List a = new ArrayList();
a.add(input);
collector.emit(a,new Values(word));
}
}
// Acknowledge the tuple
collector.ack(input);
}

public void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context,OutputCollector collector) {
this.collector = collector;
}

/**
* The bolt will only emit the field "word"
*/
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) { declarer.declare(new Fields("word")); }}

在此类中,我们看到执行一次
execute
发送了多个 tuple。如果方法受到的句子如“This
is the Storm book”,将发射五个新的tuple。

下一个 bolt 为
WordCounter
,负责对单词进行计数。当 topology
完成后(当
cleanup()
被调用时),将打印出每个单词的统计量。

WordCounter
不发射任何数值。在这个案列中,数据被添加进一个
map
,但是在现实中
bolt 可将其存储到数据库中。

src/main/java/bolts/WordCounter.javacode
view

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">32</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">33</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">34</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">35</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">36</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">37</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">38</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">39</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">40</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">41</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">42</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">43</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">44</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">45</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">46</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">47</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">48</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">49</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">50</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">51</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">52</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">53</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">54</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">55</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">56</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">57</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">58</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">59</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">60</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">61</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">62</span>
package bolts;

package bolts;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import backtype.storm.task.OutputCollector;
import backtype.storm.task.TopologyContext;
import backtype.storm.topology.IRichBolt;
import backtype.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Tuple;

public class WordCounter implement IRichBolt {

Integer id;
String name;
Map<String, Integer> counters;
private OutputCollector collector;

/**
* At the end of the spout (when the cluster is shutdown
* We will show the word counters
*/
@Override
public void cleanup() {
System.out.println("-- Word Counter ["+name+"-"+id+"] --");
for(Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : counters.entrySet()){
System.out.println(entry.getKey()+": "+entry.getValue());
}
}

/**
* On create
*/
@Override
public void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context, OutputCollector collector) {
this.counters = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
this.name = context.getThisComponentId();
this.id = context.getThisTaskId();
this.collector = collector;
}

@Override
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {}

@Override
public void execute(Tuple input) {
String str = input.getString(0);
/**
* If the word dosn't exist in the map we will create
* this, if not We will add 1
*/
if(!counters.containsKey(str)){
counters.put(str, 1);
}else{
Integer c = counters.get(str) + 1;
counters.put(str, c);
}
//Set the tuple as Acknowledge
collector.ack(input);
}
}

execute
方法使用一个map来收集和统计单词。当 topology 终止后,
cleanup()
方法将被调用来打印出map中的统计结果。(这仅是一个示例,通常当
topology 关闭后,会使用
cleanup()
方法释放一些连接和资源。)


2.3.3 Main Class

在主类中,我们创建一个 topology 和 一个用于在本地测试盒调试的
LocalCluster
对象。配合
Config
对象,你可以使用
LocalCluster
尝试不同的集群配置。比如,如果一个全局的或者类变量被意外地使用了,当你使用不同数目的工作节点去测试时将发现错误。(工作细节请参见 第三章

所有的 topology 节点,在处理过程中没有数据共享的前提下,都可以独立地运行。因为在真实的集群环境下,这些处理可能运行在不同的机器上。

可以使用
TopologyBuilder
来创建 topology,这将告诉 Storm
节点如何安排以及如何交换数据。

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
TopologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder();
builder.setSpout("word-reader",new WordReader());
builder.setBolt("word-normalizer", new WordNormalizer()).shuffleGrouping("wordreader");
builder.setBolt("word-counter", new WordCounter()).shuffleGrouping("wordnormalizer");

spout 和 bolt 之间使用
shuffleGrouping
来连接。这种分组方式告诉
Storm 以随机分布的方式从源节点向目标节点发送消息。

下一步,创建一个
Config
对象来配置 topology,合并了运行时的集群配置,并将通过
prepare
方法发送到所有节点。

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
Config conf = new Config();
conf.put("wordsFile", args[0]);
conf.setDebug(true);

wordsFile
属性赋值成spout 读取的文件名,在开发过程中将
debug
属性赋值成
true 。当
debug = true
时,Storm将打印出节点间交换的所有信息和其他有用的调试信息,从而可以很容易理解
topology 是如何运行的。

如早前所述,将使用本地模式来运行 topology。在生产环境下,topology 将会持续运行,但是本例中只将运行数秒钟,这样你能看到结果。

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
LocalCluster cluster = new LocalCluster();
cluster.submitTopology("Getting-Started-Toplogie", conf, builder.createTopology());
Thread.sleep(2000);
cluster.shutdown();

通过使用
createTopology
submitTopology
来创建和运行
topology,休眠两秒(topology 运行在不同的线程中),然后停止 topology,并关闭集群。

示例2-3是该类所有的代码。
示例2-3:src/main/java/TopologyMain.javacode
view

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">17</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">18</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">19</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">20</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">21</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">22</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">23</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">24</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">25</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">26</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">27</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">28</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">29</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">30</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">31</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">32</span>
import spouts.WordReader;
import backtype.storm.Config;
import backtype.storm.LocalCluster;
import backtype.storm.topology.TopologyBuilder;
import backtype.storm.tuple.Fields;
import bolts.WordCounter;
import bolts.WordNormalizer;

public class TopologyMain {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

//Topology definition
TopologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder();
builder.setSpout("word-reader",new WordReader());
builder.setBolt("word-normalizer", new WordNormalizer())
.shuffleGrouping("word-reader");
builder.setBolt("word-counter", new WordCounter(),1)
.fieldsGrouping("word-normalizer", new Fields("word"));

//Configuration
Config conf = new Config();
conf.put("wordsFile", args[0]);
conf.setDebug(false);
//Topology run
conf.put(Config.TOPOLOGY_MAX_SPOUT_PENDING, 1);
LocalCluster cluster = new LocalCluster();
cluster.submitTopology("Getting-Started-Toplogie", conf, builder.createTopology());
Thread.sleep(1000);
cluster.shutdown();
}
}


2.3.4 查看结果

准备好运行第一个topology了吗?如果你创建一个
src/main/resources/words.txt
文件,每行一个单词,那么你可以这样运行topology:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="TopologyMain" -Dexec.args="src/main/resources/
words.txt"

比如,你的文件中内容如下:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
test
are
great
is
an
Storm
simple
application
but
very
powerful
really
Storm
is
great

在日志中,你能看到如下结果:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
is: 2
application: 1
but: 1
great: 1
test: 1
simple: 1
Storm: 3
really: 1
are: 1
great: 1
an: 1
powerful: 1
very: 1

在本例中,每个节点仅有一个实例。但是如果你有一个很大的日志文件,怎么办?你可以简单地通过改变系统中的节点数目来并行化处理工作。比如,你创建两个
WordCounter
实例:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
builder.setBolt("word-counter", new WordCounter(),2)
.shuffleGrouping("word-normalizer");

程序结束后,你将看到:

<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">1</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">2</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">3</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">4</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">5</span><span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">6</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">7</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">8</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">9</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">10</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">11</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">12</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">13</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">14</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">15</span>
<span class="line-number" style="margin:0px; padding:0px">16</span>
-- Word Counter [word-counter-2] --
application: 1
is: 1
great: 1
are: 1
powerful: 1
Storm: 3
-- Word Counter [word-counter-3] --
really: 1
is: 1
but: 1
great: 1
test: 1
simple: 1
an: 1
very: 1

太棒了!改变并行程度是如此简单(现实中,每个实例当然运行在一个独立的机器上)。但是从结果可看出一个问题:
is
greate
在每个
WordCounter
实例中各被统计一次。为什么?当使用
shuffleGrouping
时,Storm
以随机分布的方式将每个信息发送到一个实例。但是本例中,希望同一个单词背发送同一个
WordCounter
节点。为了达到这种效果,你可以将
shuffleGrouping("wordnormalizer")
改变成
fieldsGrouping("word-normalizer",new
Fields("word"))
。尝试一下,并确认结果。你将在下一章看到更多分组和消息流。


2.4 总结

我们讨论了Storm 本地模式和远程模式的不同点,以及Storm编程的强大和简易。你也学习到了Storm的更多基础概念,我们将在接下来的章节对其进行深入阐述。

原始地址: http://JavanLu.github.io/blog/2013/10/15/getting-started-with-storm-chapter-2/

written by JavanLu posted at http://JavanLu.github.io
内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签: