AsyncTask
2016-01-13 09:54
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AsyncTask也叫做“异步任务”,是一个抽象类
AsyncTask约定了在子线程中执行任务的抽象方法,开发者可以在自定义AsyncTask的实现类中重写该方法,
则AsyncTask在工作时会自动开启子线程执行相关代码
AsyncTask类的声明:
public abstract class AsyncTask<Param,Progress,Result>
Param 执行异步任务后,需要参数的数据类型
Progress 执行异步任务过程中,标识进度的数据类型
Result 执行异步任务后,需要返回的结果的数据类型
AsyncTask中的抽象方法: public abstract Result doInBackground(params... params)
让AsyncTask开始工作:
public final AsyncTask<params,Progress,Result> execute(params...params)
该方法被调用后,会自动开启子线程并调用dnInBackground()方法,该方法
必须在UI线程中调用
案例:
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
new InnerAsyncTask().execute("");
}
private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object>{
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {
for(int i = 0; i < 30;i++){
System.out.println("InnerAsyncTask" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
}
}
AsyncTask更新UI
AsyncTask约定了任务执行完毕后的回调方法,该方法并不是抽象的,开发者可以选择性的实现。
protected void onPostExecute(Result result)
该方法是运行在主线程的方法
实例:
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/button1"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:src="@drawable/abs" />
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView image;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
// System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
new InnerAsyncTask().execute("");
}
private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer, Bitmap>{
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.abc);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
image.setImageBitmap(result);
}
}
}
AsyncTask更新进度
AsyncTask约定了任务执行过程中,更新进度的回调方法,该方法并不是抽象的,开发者可以选择性地实现。
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)(该方法运行在主线程)
在任务执行过程中,可以调用publishProgress()方法提交进度,使得onProgressUpdate()方法被回调
实例
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_pb"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="100%"
android:visibility="gone"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:src="@drawable/abs" />
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/pb_progress"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:max="100"
android:visibility="gone"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_marginTop="32dp" />
</RelativeLayout>
LoadImage:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class LoadImage extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Object> {
private Context context;
private ImageView imageview;
private Bitmap image;
private Button button;
private ProgressBar pg;
private TextView tv;
public LoadImage(Context context, Button button, ImageView imageview,
ProgressBar pg, TextView tv) {
this.context = context;
this.imageview = imageview;
this.button = button;
this.pg = pg;
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(String... params) {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
publishProgress(i);
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
image = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(),
R.drawable.abc);
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
pg.setProgress(values[0]);
tv.setText(values[0] + "%");
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
imageview.setImageBitmap(image);
button.setEnabled(true);
pg.setVisibility(View.GONE);
tv.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView image;
private Button button;
private ProgressBar pg;
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_image);
button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_update);
pg = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb_progress);
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_pb);
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
button.setEnabled(false);
pg.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
tv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
new LoadImage(this,button,image,pg,tv).execute("");
}
}
AsyncTask是一个综合了任务的执行、进度更新、结果提交的类,使用AsyncTask
可以集中的编写某个异步任务的全部代码,而不必关心线程间的通信问题,降低了
编码出错几率,并有效的提高了代码的可阅读性、可维护性等。
小案例之异步加载图片
使用到的技术: Canvas(画布)、Paint(画笔)
Canvas(画布):用来决定画布的基础属性,执行绘制
Paint(画笔):设置颜色、设置字体、其他的设置
同一次绘图过程中,可能需要多个画笔对象,或多次调整画笔的属性
使用Canvas:
public Canvas()
public Canvas(Bitmap bitmap)
public void drawRect(float left,float top,float right,float bottom,Paint paint)
public void drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap,float left,float top,Paint paint)
public void drawText(String text,float x,float y,Paint paint)
使用Paint:
public Paint()
public native void setColr(int color)
public native void setAntiAlias(boolean aa)
public native void setTextSize(float textSize)
public void setTextAlign(Align align)
public Xfermode setXfermode(Xfermode xfermode)
AsyncTask约定了在子线程中执行任务的抽象方法,开发者可以在自定义AsyncTask的实现类中重写该方法,
则AsyncTask在工作时会自动开启子线程执行相关代码
AsyncTask类的声明:
public abstract class AsyncTask<Param,Progress,Result>
Param 执行异步任务后,需要参数的数据类型
Progress 执行异步任务过程中,标识进度的数据类型
Result 执行异步任务后,需要返回的结果的数据类型
AsyncTask中的抽象方法: public abstract Result doInBackground(params... params)
让AsyncTask开始工作:
public final AsyncTask<params,Progress,Result> execute(params...params)
该方法被调用后,会自动开启子线程并调用dnInBackground()方法,该方法
必须在UI线程中调用
案例:
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
new InnerAsyncTask().execute("");
}
private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object, Object, Object>{
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(Object... params) {
for(int i = 0; i < 30;i++){
System.out.println("InnerAsyncTask" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
}
}
AsyncTask更新UI
AsyncTask约定了任务执行完毕后的回调方法,该方法并不是抽象的,开发者可以选择性的实现。
protected void onPostExecute(Result result)
该方法是运行在主线程的方法
实例:
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/button1"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:src="@drawable/abs" />
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView image;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
// System.out.println("onCreate" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
new InnerAsyncTask().execute("");
}
private class InnerAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String,Integer, Bitmap>{
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.abc);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
image.setImageBitmap(result);
}
}
}
AsyncTask更新进度
AsyncTask约定了任务执行过程中,更新进度的回调方法,该方法并不是抽象的,开发者可以选择性地实现。
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values)(该方法运行在主线程)
在任务执行过程中,可以调用publishProgress()方法提交进度,使得onProgressUpdate()方法被回调
实例
布局:
[html] view
plaincopyprint?
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_pb"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="100%"
android:visibility="gone"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="104dp"
android:onClick="doAsyncTask"
android:text="开始" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_marginTop="22dp"
android:src="@drawable/abs" />
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/pb_progress"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:max="100"
android:visibility="gone"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/btn_update"
android:layout_marginTop="32dp" />
</RelativeLayout>
LoadImage:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class LoadImage extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Object> {
private Context context;
private ImageView imageview;
private Bitmap image;
private Button button;
private ProgressBar pg;
private TextView tv;
public LoadImage(Context context, Button button, ImageView imageview,
ProgressBar pg, TextView tv) {
this.context = context;
this.imageview = imageview;
this.button = button;
this.pg = pg;
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
protected Object doInBackground(String... params) {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
publishProgress(i);
try {
Thread.sleep(50);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
image = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(),
R.drawable.abc);
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
pg.setProgress(values[0]);
tv.setText(values[0] + "%");
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Object result) {
imageview.setImageBitmap(image);
button.setEnabled(true);
pg.setVisibility(View.GONE);
tv.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
}
MainActivity:
[java] view
plaincopyprint?
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView image;
private Button button;
private ProgressBar pg;
private TextView tv;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_image);
button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_update);
pg = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.pb_progress);
tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_pb);
}
public void doAsyncTask(View view){
button.setEnabled(false);
pg.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
tv.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
new LoadImage(this,button,image,pg,tv).execute("");
}
}
AsyncTask是一个综合了任务的执行、进度更新、结果提交的类,使用AsyncTask
可以集中的编写某个异步任务的全部代码,而不必关心线程间的通信问题,降低了
编码出错几率,并有效的提高了代码的可阅读性、可维护性等。
小案例之异步加载图片
使用到的技术: Canvas(画布)、Paint(画笔)
Canvas(画布):用来决定画布的基础属性,执行绘制
Paint(画笔):设置颜色、设置字体、其他的设置
同一次绘图过程中,可能需要多个画笔对象,或多次调整画笔的属性
使用Canvas:
public Canvas()
public Canvas(Bitmap bitmap)
public void drawRect(float left,float top,float right,float bottom,Paint paint)
public void drawBitmap(Bitmap bitmap,float left,float top,Paint paint)
public void drawText(String text,float x,float y,Paint paint)
使用Paint:
public Paint()
public native void setColr(int color)
public native void setAntiAlias(boolean aa)
public native void setTextSize(float textSize)
public void setTextAlign(Align align)
public Xfermode setXfermode(Xfermode xfermode)
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