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NSURLSession学习笔记(三)Download Task

2016-01-08 17:30 113 查看
NSURLSession的Download Task用于完成下载任务,本文介绍如何创建断点续传的下载任务和后台下载任务。

我们直接从分析Demo入手:

故事板如下:



只有一个View Controller,用于创建各种下载任务,并将下载后的图片显示到视图上,下载过程中会更新下载进度。

头文件代码如下:

[objc] view
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#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface ViewController : UIViewController <NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate>

/* NSURLSessions */

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSession *currentSession; // 当前会话

@property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSURLSession *backgroundSession; // 后台会话

/* 下载任务 */

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *cancellableTask; // 可取消的下载任务

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *resumableTask; // 可恢复的下载任务

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *backgroundTask; // 后台的下载任务

/* 用于可恢复的下载任务的数据 */

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSData *partialData;

/* 显示已经下载的图片 */

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *downloadedImageView;

/* 下载进度 */

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *currentProgress_label;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIProgressView *downloadingProgressView;

/* 工具栏上的按钮 */

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *cancellableDownload_barButtonItem;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *resumableDownload_barButtonItem;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *backgroundDownload_barButtonItem;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *cancelTask_barButtonItem;

- (IBAction)cancellableDownload:(id)sender; // 创建可取消的下载任务

- (IBAction)resumableDownload:(id)sender; // 创建可恢复的下载任务

- (IBAction)backgroundDownload:(id)sender; // 创建后台下载任务

- (IBAction)cancelDownloadTask:(id)sender; // 取消所有下载任务

@end

一、创建普通的下载任务

这种下载任务是可以取消的,代码如下:

[objc] view
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- (IBAction)cancellableDownload:(id)sender {

if (!self.cancellableTask) {

if (!self.currentSession) {

[self createCurrentSession];

}

NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5505/9824098016_0e28a047c2_b_d.jpg";

NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];

self.cancellableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];

[self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];

self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;

[self.cancellableTask resume];

}

}

如果当前的session为空,首先需要创建一个session(该session使用默认配置模式,其delegate为自己):

[objc] view
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/* 创建当前的session */

- (void)createCurrentSession {

NSURLSessionConfiguration *defaultConfig = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];

self.currentSession = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:defaultConfig delegate:self delegateQueue:nil];

self.currentSession.sessionDescription = kCurrentSession;

}

随后创建下载任务并启动。

这种任务是可取消的,即下次下载又从0.0%开始:

[objc] view
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if (self.cancellableTask) {

[self.cancellableTask cancel];

self.cancellableTask = nil;

}

二、创建可恢复的下载任务

可恢复的下载任务支持断点续传,也就是如果暂停当前任务,在下次再执行任务时,将从之前的下载进度中继续进行。因此我们首先需要一个NSData对象来保存已经下载的数据:

[objc] view
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/* 用于可恢复的下载任务的数据 */

@property (strong, nonatomic) NSData *partialData;

执行下载任务时,如果是恢复下载,那么就使用downloadTaskWithResumeData:方法根据partialData继续下载。代码如下:

[objc] view
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- (IBAction)resumableDownload:(id)sender {

if (!self.resumableTask) {

if (!self.currentSession) {

[self createCurrentSession];

}

if (self.partialData) { // 如果是之前被暂停的任务,就从已经保存的数据恢复下载

self.resumableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithResumeData:self.partialData];

}

else { // 否则创建下载任务

NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2846/9823925914_78cd653ac9_b_d.jpg";

NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];

self.resumableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];

}

[self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];

self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;

[self.resumableTask resume];

}

}

在取消下载任务时,要将partialData数据保存起来,而且不要调用cancel方法:

[objc] view
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else if (self.resumableTask) {

[self.resumableTask cancelByProducingResumeData:^(NSData *resumeData) {

// 如果是可恢复的下载任务,应该先将数据保存到partialData中,注意在这里不要调用cancel方法

self.partialData = resumeData;

self.resumableTask = nil;

}];

}

另外在恢复下载时,NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate中的以下方法将被调用:

[objc] view
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/* 从fileOffset位移处恢复下载任务 */

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session

downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask

didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset

expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes {

NSLog(@"NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Resume download at %lld", fileOffset);

}

三、创建后台下载任务

后台下载任务,顾名思义,当程序进入后台后,下载任务依然继续执行。

首先创建一个后台session单例,这里的Session配置使用后台配置模式,使用backgroundSessinConfiguration:方法配置时应该通过后面的参数为该后台进程指定一个标识符,在有多个后台下载任务时这个标识符就起作用了。

[objc] view
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/* 创建一个后台session单例 */

- (NSURLSession *)backgroundSession {

static NSURLSession *backgroundSess = nil;

static dispatch_once_t onceToken;

dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{

NSURLSessionConfiguration *config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration backgroundSessionConfiguration:kBackgroundSessionID];

backgroundSess = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config delegate:self delegateQueue:nil];

backgroundSess.sessionDescription = kBackgroundSession;

});

return backgroundSess;

}

在创建后台下载任务时,应该使用后台session创建,然后resume。

[objc] view
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- (IBAction)backgroundDownload:(id)sender {

NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2831/9823890176_82b4165653_b_d.jpg";

NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];

self.backgroundTask = [self.backgroundSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];

[self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];

self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;

[self.backgroundTask resume];

}

在程序进入后台后,如果下载任务完成,程序委托中的对应方法将被回调:

[objc] view
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/* 后台下载任务完成后,程序被唤醒,该方法将被调用 */

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSString *)identifier completionHandler:(void (^)())completionHandler {

NSLog(@"Application Delegate: Background download task finished");

// 设置回调的完成代码块

self.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler = completionHandler;

}

然后调用NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate中的方法:

以下是

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL*)location中的方法,该方法只有下载成功才被调用:

[objc] view
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else if (session == self.backgroundSession) {

self.backgroundTask = nil;

AppDelegate *appDelegate = [AppDelegate sharedDelegate];

if (appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler) {

// 执行回调代码块

void (^handler)() = appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler;

appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler = nil;

handler();

}

}

另外无论下载成功与否,以下方法都会被调用:

[objc] view
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/* 完成下载任务,无论下载成功还是失败都调用该方法 */

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error {

NSLog(@"NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Complete task");

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

[self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:YES];

});

if (error) {

NSLog(@"下载失败:%@", error);

[self setDownloadProgress:0.0];

self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;

}

}

取消后台下载任务时直接cancel即可:

[objc] view
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else if (self.backgroundTask) {

[self.backgroundTask cancel];

self.backgroundTask = nil;

}

四、NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate

为了实现下载进度的显示,需要在委托中的以下方法中实现:

[objc] view
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/* 执行下载任务时有数据写入 */

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session

downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask

didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten // 每次写入的data字节数

totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten // 当前一共写入的data字节数

totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite // 期望收到的所有data字节数

{

// 计算当前下载进度并更新视图

double downloadProgress = totalBytesWritten / (double)totalBytesExpectedToWrite;

[self setDownloadProgress:downloadProgress];

}

/* 根据下载进度更新视图 */

- (void)setDownloadProgress:(double)progress {

NSString *progressStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.1f", progress * 100];

progressStr = [progressStr stringByAppendingString:@"%"];

dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{

self.downloadingProgressView.progress = progress;

self.currentProgress_label.text = progressStr;

});

}

从已经保存的数据中恢复下载任务的委托方法,fileOffset指定了恢复下载时的文件位移字节数:

[objc] view
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/* Sent when a download has been resumed. If a download failed with an

* error, the -userInfo dictionary of the error will contain an

* NSURLSessionDownloadTaskResumeData key, whose value is the resume

* data.

*/

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask

didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset

expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes;

只有下载成功才调用的委托方法,在该方法中应该将下载成功后的文件移动到我们想要的目标路径:

[objc] view
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/* Sent when a download task that has completed a download. The delegate should

* copy or move the file at the given location to a new location as it will be

* removed when the delegate message returns. URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError: will

* still be called.

*/

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask

didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location;

无论下载成功或失败都会调用的方法,类似于try-catch-finally中的finally语句块的执行。如果下载成功,那么error参数的值为nil,否则下载失败,可以通过该参数查看出错信息:

[objc] view
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/* Sent as the last message related to a specific task. Error may be

* nil, which implies that no error occurred and this task is complete.

*/

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task

didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error;

后台下载的运行结果:

启动任务后,进入后台:



下载完成后,控制台将会“通知”我们:

[objc] view
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2014-02-05 18:30:39.767 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App did become active

2014-02-05 18:30:43.734 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App will resign active

2014-02-05 18:30:43.735 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App did enter background

2014-02-05 18:30:45.282 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: Background download task finished

2014-02-05 18:30:45.285 DownloadTask[3472:4907] NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Finish downloading

2014-02-05 18:30:45.301 DownloadTask[3472:4907] NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Complete task

再次启动程序,可以看到加载好的页面:



可以看到,通过后台下载让我们的程序更加异步地运行。NSURLSession封装了对应的接口,让我们要执行的任务更加专门化,这个新的网络架构的功能真的很强大。
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