android notification总结

以前都是直接构造一个通知显示，现在新的api通过builder构建一个通知，有必要学习下。

一、基本用法

基本步骤还是跟以前一样：
1、新建PendingIntent
2、NotificationCompat.Builder调用setContentIntent（PendingIntent）
3、设置图标、文本、标题
4、NotificationManager调用notify()方法

代码详细注释：

package com.example.notification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2015/12/22.
 */
public class BaseUseActivity extends Activity {
    private TextView text;
    private Button btn_notify;

    /**
     * A numeric value that identifies the notification that we'll be sending.
     * This value needs to be unique within this app, but it doesn't need to be
     * unique system-wide.
     * 一个代表我们发送的通知的数字值，这个值在app中是唯一的
     */
    public static final int NOTIFICATION_ID = 1;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
        btn_notify = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_notify);

        text.setText("notification基本用法");
        btn_notify.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                sendNotification();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Send a sample notification using the NotificationCompat API.
     * 用NotificationCompat API发送一个通知
     */
    public void sendNotification() {

        /** Create an intent that will be fired when the user clicks the notification.
         * The intent needs to be packaged into a {@link PendingIntent} so that the
         * notification service can fire it on our behalf.
         * intent打包进PendingIntent（挂起的intent）中，通知服务能维护我们点击通知的行为
         */
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,
                Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com"));
        PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);

        // BEGIN_INCLUDE (build_notification)   构建通知--开始
        /**
         * Use NotificationCompat.Builder to set up our notification.
         * 用NotificationCompat.Builder设置我们的通知
         */
        NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);

        /** Set the icon that will appear in the notification bar. This icon also appears
         * in the lower right hand corner of the notification itself.
         * 设置出现在通知条上的图标，这个图标也出现在右下角。
         *
         * Important note: although you can use any drawable as the small icon, Android
         * design guidelines state that the icon should be simple and monochrome. Full-color
         * bitmaps or busy images don't render well on smaller screens and can end up
         * confusing the user.
         * 重要提示:尽管您可以使用任何drawable作为小图标,Android
         * 设计指南声明这个图标应该是简单和单色。在较小的屏幕，全彩
         * 位图或繁忙的图像渲染不好
         */
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_stat_notification);

        // Set the intent that will fire when the user taps the notification.
        //设置挂起的pendingIntent
        builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent);

        // Set the notification to auto-cancel. This means that the notification will disappear
        // after the user taps it, rather than remaining until it's explicitly dismissed.
        //设置通知自动取消。这个意思是用户点击通知后，通知会消失。
        builder.setAutoCancel(true);

        /**
         *Build the notification's appearance.构建通知的外貌
         * Set the large icon, which appears on the left of the notification. In this
         * sample we'll set the large icon to be the same as our app icon. The app icon is a
         * reasonable default if you don't have anything more compelling to use as an icon.
         * 设置大图标，这个图标会出现在通知的左边。
         */
        builder.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher));

        /**
         * Set the text of the notification. This sample sets the three most common only used
         * text areas:
         * 1. The content title, which appears in large type at the top of the notification
         * 2. The content text, which appears in smaller text below the title
         * 3. The subtext, which appears under the text on newer devices. Devices running
         *    versions of Android prior to 4.2 will ignore this field, so don't use it for
         *    anything vital!
         *
         *    设置通知的文本。共同的三个文本区域
         *    1.内容的标题
         *    2.最小字的文本
         *    3.subtext，在文本的下面，在4.2之前忽略这个变量，所以如非必要，请不要用这个
         */
        builder.setContentTitle("BasicNotifications Sample");
        builder.setContentText("Time to learn about notifications!");
        builder.setSubText("Tap to view documentation about notifications.");

        // END_INCLUDE (build_notification)构建通知--结束

        /**
         * Send the notification. This will immediately display the notification icon in the
         * notification bar.
         * 发送通知。这样将会直接在通知栏上显示通知
         */
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(
                NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, builder.build());

    }
}

这个例子和下面的例子来自sdk sample，例子中使用的是V4包中的NotificationCompat.Builder。

二、自定义通知内容

主要就是设置notification的contentView

代码：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0  *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.example.notification;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.RemoteViews;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class CustomContentActivity extends Activity {
    /**
     * This sample demonstrates notifications with custom content views.
     *
     * <p>On API level 16 and above a big content view is also defined that is used for the
     * 'expanded' notification. The notification is created by the NotificationCompat.Builder.
     * The expanded content view is set directly on the {@link Notification} once it has been build.
     * (See {@link Notification#bigContentView}.) </p>
     *
     * <p>The content views are inflated as {@link RemoteViews} directly from their XML layout
     * definitions using {@link RemoteViews#RemoteViews(String, int)}.</p>
     */
    private void createNotification() {

        NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);

        //Create Intent to launch this Activity again if the notification is clicked.
        Intent i = new Intent(this, CustomContentActivity.class);
        i.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
        PendingIntent intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, i,
                PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
        builder.setContentIntent(intent);

        // Sets the ticker text 设置贴标的文本,贴标会出现在状态栏一下
        builder.setTicker(getResources().getString(R.string.custom_notification));

        // Sets the small icon for the ticker 设置贴标的小图标
        builder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_stat_custom);

        // Cancel the notification when clicked 点击时取消通知
        builder.setAutoCancel(true);

        // Build the notification   构建通知
        Notification notification = builder.build();

        // Inflate the notification layout as RemoteViews 加载通知layout作为RemoteViews
        RemoteViews contentView = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.notification);

        // Set text on a TextView in the RemoteViews programmatically.设置文本
        final String time = DateFormat.getTimeInstance().format(new Date()).toString();
        final String text = getResources().getString(R.string.collapsed, time);
        contentView.setTextViewText(R.id.textView, text);

        /* Workaround: Need to set the content view here directly on the notification.
         * NotificationCompatBuilder contains a bug that prevents this from working on platform
         * versions HoneyComb.
         * See https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=30495          * 设置通知的内容view.因为NotificationCompatBuilder调用setContent设置content在HoneyComb工作
         * 有bug，See https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=30495，所以一般用          * notification.contentView来赋值内容view。
         */
        notification.contentView = contentView;

        // Add a big content view to the notification if supported. 如果支持，给通知加一个大的内容view
        // Support for expanded notifications was added in API level 16. 支持扩大的通知是在api 16时被加
        // (The normal contentView is shown when the notification is collapsed, when expanded the
        // big content view set here is displayed.)
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16) {
            // Inflate and set the layout for the expanded notification view    设置扩大通知的大内容
            RemoteViews expandedView =
                    new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.notification_expanded);
            notification.bigContentView = expandedView;
        }

//        notification.defaults=Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;

        // START_INCLUDE(notify)
        // Use the NotificationManager to show the notification 显示通知
        NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        nm.notify(0, notification);

    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.sample_main);
    }

    /**
     * Create and show a notification with a custom layout.
     * This callback is defined through the 'onClick' attribute of the
     * 'Show Notification' button in the XML layout.
     *
     * @param v
     */
    public void showNotificationClicked(View v) {
        createNotification();
    }
}

对于bigContentView,可通过用两手指头平行下滑展开，折叠是上滑。对于contentView，通过notification.contentView来设置，防止以builder设置产生的bug。

其实，可以用通知的layout的作为通知的id，因为其在R文件中就是个整形常量，所以我们经常能看到mNotificationManager.cancel(R.layout.notifications)，这句是取消掉id为
R.layout.notifications对应的通知。

另外，设置通知的声音与震动，通过设置notification.defaults来实现，其值为
1.Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND 仅声音
2.Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE 仅震动
3.Notification.DEFAULT_ALL 声音和震动
这三个值使用的是系统的声音和震动。

PendingIntent.Flag***

//PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT表示同一个pendingIntent只能被点击打开一次

pendingIntent1 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);

//PendingIntent描述不存在,然后简单地返回null而不是创建它。下面的intent的action为haha对应的组件不存在

//所以下面pendingIntent2为空

pendingIntent2 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent("haha"), PendingIntent.FLAG_NO_CREATE);

//如果PendingIntent描述已经存在,当前应该取消之前生成一个新的

pendingIntent3 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT);

//PendingIntent描述已经存在,然后保持它但它额外的数据替换成在这个新的

pendingIntent4 = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

PendingIntent.Flag***参考资料：Android：PendingIntent的FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT和FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT

其他notification资料：android Notification分析——你可能遇到的各种问题

源码：https://yunpan.cn/cuAezBqD2dJeT （提取码：0708）