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【Android测试】【第七节】Monkey——源码浅谈

2015-12-14 15:59 519 查看
前言

  根据上一篇我们学会了Monkey的用法,知道了Monkey可以非常容易的模拟伪随机的模拟事件。也许有的时候我们想让他稍微智能化一些,例如只在某个屏幕范围产生伪随机事件,或者说是只对某些指定Activity进行操作,这样就需要我们对Monkey进行改良了。而改良必须去改Monkey的源码,因此本节课们就简单的说说Monkey的源码。

  源码下载地址:https://code.google.com/p/android-source-browsing/source/browse/cmds/monkey/src/com/android/commands/monkey/?repo=platform--development&name=android-cts-4.2_r2 ( 这里只是Monkey的源码,如果要编译Monkey需要下载Android的源码 )

  

概述

  如果你真的打算改造一个属于你的Monkey,那么过程必须要做的是:

  1、下载Android源码

  2、阅读Monkey源码如果需要修改代码

  3、代码编译

  4、运行Monkey

  本节内容主要针对第二部分的 “阅读Monkey源码”,其他的1、3、4 部分会在另外一篇“只允许注册用户访问的”的番外篇里进行介绍,因为这部分有些内容不是本人原创,因此对博客进行了加密处理,以免侵犯到源作者的权利,如需交流这部分内容,请留言给我。

Monkey源码

Monkey的入口在 Monkey.java中:

/**
* Command-line entry point.
*
* @param args The command-line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Set the process name showing in "ps" or "top"
Process.setArgV0("com.android.commands.monkey");

int resultCode = (new Monkey()).run(args);
System.exit(resultCode);
}


  第一句的意思就是在 shell 命令行下 使用 ps | grep com.**.monkey 就找到正在运行的monkey进程

  第二句是后续的内容,我们继续看后续干了什么。





/**
* Run the command!
*
* @param args The command-line arguments
* @return Returns a posix-style result code. 0 for no error.
*/
private int run(String[] args) {
// Super-early debugger wait
for (String s : args) {
if ("--wait-dbg".equals(s)) {
Debug.waitForDebugger();
}
}

// Default values for some command-line options
mVerbose = 0;
mCount = 1000;
mSeed = 0;
mThrottle = 0;

// prepare for command-line processing
mArgs = args;
mNextArg = 0;

// set a positive value, indicating none of the factors is provided yet
for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
mFactors[i] = 1.0f;
}

if (!processOptions()) {
return -1;
}

if (!loadPackageLists()) {
return -1;
}

// now set up additional data in preparation for launch
if (mMainCategories.size() == 0) {
mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY);
}

if (mVerbose > 0) {
System.out.println(":Monkey: seed=" + mSeed + " count=" + mCount);
if (mValidPackages.size() > 0) {
Iterator<String> it = mValidPackages.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(":AllowPackage: " + it.next());
}
}
if (mInvalidPackages.size() > 0) {
Iterator<String> it = mInvalidPackages.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(":DisallowPackage: " + it.next());
}
}
if (mMainCategories.size() != 0) {
Iterator<String> it = mMainCategories.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(":IncludeCategory: " + it.next());
}
}
}

if (!checkInternalConfiguration()) {
return -2;
}

if (!getSystemInterfaces()) {
return -3;
}

if (!getMainApps()) {
return -4;
}

mRandom = new SecureRandom();
mRandom.setSeed((mSeed == 0) ? -1 : mSeed);

if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() == 1) {
// script mode, ignore other options
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);

mCountEvents = false;
} else if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() > 1) {
if (mSetupFileName != null) {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
mCount++;
} else {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mScriptFileNames,
mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
}
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
mCountEvents = false;
} else if (mServerPort != -1) {
try {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error binding to network socket.");
return -5;
}
mCount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
} else {
// random source by default
if (mVerbose >= 2) { // check seeding performance
System.out.println("// Seeded: " + mSeed);
}
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle);
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
// set any of the factors that has been set
for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {
((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
}
}

// in random mode, we start with a random activity
((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).generateActivity();
}

// validate source generator
if (!mEventSource.validate()) {
return -5;
}

// If we're profiling, do it immediately before/after the main monkey
// loop
if (mGenerateHprof) {
signalPersistentProcesses();
}

mNetworkMonitor.start();
int crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();
mNetworkMonitor.stop();

synchronized (this) {
if (mRequestAnrTraces) {
reportAnrTraces();
mRequestAnrTraces = false;
}
if (mRequestAnrBugreport){
System.out.println("Print the anr report");
getBugreport("anr_" + mReportProcessName + "_");
mRequestAnrBugreport = false;
}
if (mRequestAppCrashBugreport){
getBugreport("app_crash" + mReportProcessName + "_");
mRequestAppCrashBugreport = false;
}
if (mRequestDumpsysMemInfo) {
reportDumpsysMemInfo();
mRequestDumpsysMemInfo = false;
}
if (mRequestPeriodicBugreport){
getBugreport("Bugreport_");
mRequestPeriodicBugreport = false;
}
}

if (mGenerateHprof) {
signalPersistentProcesses();
if (mVerbose > 0) {
System.out.println("// Generated profiling reports in /data/misc");
}
}

try {
mAm.setActivityController(null);
mNetworkMonitor.unregister(mAm);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// just in case this was latent (after mCount cycles), make sure
// we report it
if (crashedAtCycle >= mCount) {
crashedAtCycle = mCount - 1;
}
}

// report dropped event stats
if (mVerbose > 0) {
System.out.print(":Dropped: keys=");
System.out.print(mDroppedKeyEvents);
System.out.print(" pointers=");
System.out.print(mDroppedPointerEvents);
System.out.print(" trackballs=");
System.out.print(mDroppedTrackballEvents);
System.out.print(" flips=");
System.out.println(mDroppedFlipEvents);
}

// report network stats
mNetworkMonitor.dump();

if (crashedAtCycle < mCount - 1) {
System.err.println("** System appears to have crashed at event " + crashedAtCycle
+ " of " + mCount + " using seed " + mSeed);
return crashedAtCycle;
} else {
if (mVerbose > 0) {
System.out.println("// Monkey finished");
}
return 0;
}
}


run
  这个run中的内容基本就是Monkey运行的流程,主要做了:

  1、处理命令行参数

if (!processOptions()) {
return -1;
}


    没有什么特殊的地方,主要是针对下面这张图里我们用到的参数进行一个统计和预处理。



  

  2、处理要拉起的应用程序的Activity:

    我们在运行Monkey的时候,如果指定了“ -p 包名 ”,那么Monkey一定会拉起这个App的第一个Activity,这个究竟是怎么实现的呢?就是借助Intent这个东西:

    // now set up additional data in preparation for launch
if (mMainCategories.size() == 0) {
mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
mMainCategories.add(Intent.CATEGORY_MONKEY);
}


  3、处理Source模块:

    Source模块,以MonkeyEventSource为接口,衍生出三种Source类:MonkeySourceRandom类(随机生成事件)、MonkeySourceScript(从脚本获取事件)、MonkeySourceNetwork(从网络获取事件)。    

if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() == 1) {
// script mode, ignore other options
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceScript(mRandom, mScriptFileNames.get(0), mThrottle,
mRandomizeThrottle, mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime);
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);

mCountEvents = false;
} else if (mScriptFileNames != null && mScriptFileNames.size() > 1) {
if (mSetupFileName != null) {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mSetupFileName,
mScriptFileNames, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
mCount++;
} else {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandomScript(mScriptFileNames,
mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle, mRandom,
mProfileWaitTime, mDeviceSleepTime, mRandomizeScript);
}
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
mCountEvents = false;
} else if (mServerPort != -1) {
try {
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceNetwork(mServerPort);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error binding to network socket.");
return -5;
}
mCount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
} else {
// random source by default
if (mVerbose >= 2) { // check seeding performance
System.out.println("// Seeded: " + mSeed);
}
mEventSource = new MonkeySourceRandom(mRandom, mMainApps, mThrottle, mRandomizeThrottle);
mEventSource.setVerbose(mVerbose);
// set any of the factors that has been set
for (int i = 0; i < MonkeySourceRandom.FACTORZ_COUNT; i++) {
if (mFactors[i] <= 0.0f) {
((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).setFactors(i, mFactors[i]);
}
}

// in random mode, we start with a random activity
((MonkeySourceRandom) mEventSource).generateActivity();
}


    这部分只要是来判断Monkey的事件源来自何方,根据这些事件的来源,由不同的类做处理。MonkeySourceRandom事件的来源就是我们在命令行输入参数后的伪随机压力测试;MonkeySourceScript事件来源于Monkey识别的一种脚本,事实上Monkey也可以做到通过脚本指定位置点击,滑动等操作,但是该脚本的可读性非常的差,编写不易,因此这里我也没有介绍;第三种MonkeySourceNetwork来自于后面我们要讲的Monkeyrunner,Monkeyrunner通过socket将一些要处理的事件发给Monkey,由Monkey来完成最后的处理。

  4、循环处理事件:

mNetworkMonitor.start();
int crashedAtCycle = runMonkeyCycles();
mNetworkMonitor.stop();


    主要看看 runMonkeyCycles() 这个函数主要做了什么:

/**
* Run mCount cycles and see if we hit any crashers.
* <p>
* TODO: Meta state on keys
*
* @return Returns the last cycle which executed. If the value == mCount, no
*         errors detected.
*/
private int runMonkeyCycles() {
int eventCounter = 0;
int cycleCounter = 0;

boolean shouldReportAnrTraces = false;
boolean shouldReportDumpsysMemInfo = false;
boolean shouldAbort = false;
boolean systemCrashed = false;

// TO DO : The count should apply to each of the script file.
while (!systemCrashed && cycleCounter < mCount) {
...
MonkeyEvent ev = mEventSource.getNextEvent();
if (ev != null) {
int injectCode = ev.injectEvent(mWm, mAm, mVerbose);
...
}
...
}
....
}


    这里涉及到了一个重要的东西就是MonkeyEvent。

    以MonkeyEvent为基类,衍生出各种Event类,如Monkey中常见的点击,输入,滑动事件;

    那么一个点击的操作究竟是怎么进行下去的呢?我们可以到上面调用的是injectEvent,这个方法是由基类定义的,每一个子类去实现不同的内容,点击、滑动等这个方法都是通过第一个参数一个iWindowManager的对象而完成的,当然也有不需要这个参数,例如MonkeyThrottleEvent这个类的实现方法,根本没有用到iwm:

@Override
public int injectEvent(IWindowManager iwm, IActivityManager iam, int verbose) {

if (verbose > 1) {
System.out.println("Sleeping for " + mThrottle + " milliseconds");
}
try {
Thread.sleep(mThrottle);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
System.out.println("** Monkey interrupted in sleep.");
return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_FAIL;
}

return MonkeyEvent.INJECT_SUCCESS;
}


    那么这个iWindowManager的对象究竟是什么呢?这个事系统隐藏的一个接口,通过这个接口可以注入一些操作事件,那么我们以后是不是也可以用这个接口来进行事件的注入呢?答案是no,为什么呢?我们来看看:

    谷歌为了方便Monkey能够轻松的完成一些点击、滑动事件,因此在使用了这个系统隐藏的接口,Monkey这个应用拥有这个两个独特的权限:第一个是SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER这个权限,它允许monkey对activity的生命周期进行全权控制。第二个就是INJECT_EVENTS这个权限它允许monkey去模拟触摸和按键事件。为了防止这个系统隐藏接口暴露出的漏洞,普通的App是不能请求到这些权限的,只有android系统同意的应用才会得到允许获得这些权限。为了防止坏人使用Monkey来进行这个事件的注入,Monkey也只被允许root运行或者是shell这个组的成员运行。
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