linux查看系统的硬件信息

linux查看系统的硬件信息 2014-03-14 10:33:05

分类： Linux

转载: http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2013/01/14/2859613.html linux查看系统的硬件信息，并不像windows那么直观，这里我罗列了查看系统信息的实用命令，并做了分类，实例解说。

查看服务器型号、序列号
# dmidecode|grep -A9 "System Information" | egrep "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"
Manufacturer: Dell Inc.
Product Name: PowerEdge R515
Serial Number: 7P9H83X

查看内存的插槽数
# dmidecode|grep "Memory Device" | wc -l
24

查看已经使用多少插槽.每条内存大小及频率
# dmidecode|grep -A19 "Memory Device" | grep -i -E "(size|speed)" | grep -iv -E "(no|unknown)"
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz
Size: 8192 MB
Speed: 1600 MHz
Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz

cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.

blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          i686            #cpu架构
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序
CPU(s): 4 #总共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3 Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket: 4 #每个cpu，有4个核
Socket(s): 1 #总共有1一个cpu
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu产商 intel
CPU family: 6 Model: 42 Stepping: 7 CPU MHz: 1600.000 BogoMIPS: 5986.12 Virtualization:        VT-x            #支持cpu虚拟化技术
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              6144K

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。

#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor    : 0 vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6 model        : 42 model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....

上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。

内存

概要查看内存情况

free -m
total       used free shared    buffers     cached
Mem: 3926 3651 274 0 12 404 -/+ buffers/cache: 3235 691 Swap: 9536 31 9505

这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。

查看内存详细使用

# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 4020868 kB
MemFree: 230884 kB
Buffers: 7600 kB
Cached: 454772 kB
SwapCached: 836 kB
.....

查看内存硬件信息

dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.11 SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0008, DMI type 16, 23 bytes
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
....
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB
....

Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
....
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0008 Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 64 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 4096 MB
.....

我的主板有4个槽位，只用了一个槽位，上面插了一条4096MB的内存。

网卡

查看网卡硬件信息

# lspci | grep -i 'eth' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06)

查看系统的所有网络接口

(1).查看整体网卡信息



该机器中总共包含两块网卡eth0和eth1，lo表示本地地址；注意eth0和eth1绑定了相同的物理地址HWaddr，这里实质是通过Bonding 将多张网卡汇聚成一张，可以提供负载平衡(load-balancing)，容错(fault-tolerance)等功能。

(2).查看绑定模式



(3)查看某块网卡信息



如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标

# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full  .....
Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆
Duplex: Full   #全双工  .....
Link detected: yes    #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 9.3G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3 8:3 0 74.5G 0 part / ├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 111.8G 0 part /home
└─sda6 8:6 0 269.2G 0 part

显示很直观

如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息

# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728 Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System /dev/sda1   * 2048 2148351 1073152 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2148352 21680127 9765888 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 21680128 177930239 78125056 83 Linux /dev/sda4 177932286 976771071 399419393 5 Extended/dev/sda5 177932288 412305407 117186560 83 Linux /dev/sda6 412307456 976771071 282231808 83 Linux

磁盘硬件信息

点击(此处)折叠或打开

# smartctl -a /dev/sda

smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
Smartctl open device: /dev/hda failed: No such device

[root@gs-kf02 proc]# smartctl -a /dev/sda

smartctl 5.42 2011-10-20 r3458 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64] (local build)

Copyright (C) 2002-11 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net
Vendor: FUJITSU

Product: MBA3147RC

Revision: 0103

User Capacity: 147,086,327,808 bytes [147 GB]

Logical block size: 512 bytes

Logical Unit id: 0x500000e01fdaea50

Serial number: BJA0P9406UMK

Device type: disk

Transport protocol: SAS

Local Time is: Fri Mar 14 10:33:12 2014 CST

Device supports SMART and is Disabled

Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported

SMART Health Status: OK

Current Drive Temperature: 34 C

Drive Trip Temperature: 65 C

Manufactured in week 17 of year 2009

Specified cycle count over device lifetime: 50000

Accumulated start-stop cycles: 54

Elements in grown defect list: 0

Error counter log:

Errors Corrected by Total Correction Gigabytes Total

ECC rereads/ errors algorithm processed uncorrected

fast | delayed rewrites corrected invocations [10^9 bytes] errors

read: 0 7 0 0 0 199817.270 0

write: 0 0 0 0 0 6916.343 0

Non-medium error count: 47

No self-tests have been logged

Long (extended) Self Test duration: 1499 seconds [25.0 minutes]

查看RAID卡信息
通过df命令，我们能大体了解磁盘分区容量和使用情况，但具体每个分区是由哪些磁盘组成，我们并不清楚，通常情况下，为提高磁盘的可用性，我们都会对磁盘做RAID，查看RAID卡信息需要使用MegaCli命令，该命令位于 /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli

(1).查看硬盘信息
sudo MegaCli64 -PDList -aALL | egrep '(Raw Size|Device Id|DiskGroup|DiskGroup|PD Type|Speed)'



解释：机器共用两块SAS接口盘，8块SATA接口的SSD硬盘。

(2).查看RAID级别：
sudo MegaCli64 -LDInfo -Lall -aALL | egrep '(RAID|Size)'



解释：机器上包含两种RAID策略，分别是RAID-1和RAID-5。
RAID-1容量：558G，日志盘【完全冗余，保证高可用】
RAID-5容量：3T，数据盘

RAID-1磁盘容量计算：磁盘容量/2
RAID-5磁盘容量计算：单个硬盘容量*（N-1），N>=3
结合前面显示的磁盘信息，很容易得到2块SAS盘做RAID-1,8块SSD盘做RAID-5。

(3).查看磁盘的缓存策略
sudo /opt/MegaRAID/MegaCli/MegaCli64 -LDGetProp -DskCache -LALL -aALL



解释：
为了保证数据的一致性，日志盘关闭磁盘写缓存；
为了提高写入效率，数据盘开启了磁盘写缓存。

其他

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04) 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4) 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4) 00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04) 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04) 00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡 03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看设备树:lscpi -t

查看bios信息

# dmidecode -t bios
......
BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
Version: 4.6.5 Release Date: 04/25/2012 .......
BIOS Revision: 4.6 ......

dmidecode以一种可读的方式dump出机器的DMI(Desktop Management Interface)信息。这些信息包括了硬件以及BIOS，既可以得到当前的配置，也可以得到系统支持的最大配置，比如说支持的最大内存数等。

如果要查看所有有用信息

dmidecode -q

里面包含了很多硬件信息。