Shell数组

1.Shell数组的定义

1.1空数组定义

#define a null array
null_arr=()
null_arr[0]=test
null_arr[1]=2
echo ${null_arr[1]}  $null_arr

#2 test

注意：
如果直接打印数组名$null_arr，那么只会输出数组的第一个元素，
数组元素的数据类型可以不同。

1.2非空数组定义

#define a array with 5 elements
arr=(1 2 3 4 5)

注意：数组元素是以“ ”（空格符）隔开，而不是“,”（逗号）。

2.数组的长度

#calculate the length of the array
len=${#arr[@]}
echo "Length of array: $len"

#Length of array: 5

3.数组的遍历

3.1用像C语言中的for遍历

不过，用这种方式需要计算数组的长度。

#traverse the array with C-for
for ((i = 0; i < len; i++));do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
}
done

#0th element: 1
#1th element: 2
#2th element: 3
#3th element: 4
#4th element: 5

3.2用下标索引遍历

#traverse the array with its index
for i in "${!arr[@]}";do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
}
done

#0th element: 1
#1th element: 2
#2th element: 3
#3th element: 4
#4th element: 5

3.3直接访问元素

#traverse the array with for
for val in ${arr[@]};do
{
echo $val
}
done

#1
#2
#3
#4
#5

3.4while-do遍历

#traverse the array with while
i=0
while [ $i -lt ${#arr[@]} ];do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
#i=$(($i + 1))
#let ++i
let i++
}
done

#0th element: 1
#1th element: 2
#2th element: 3
#3th element: 4
#4th element: 5

如果只是打印数组的话，可以用下面的快捷方式，注意${arr[*]}和${arr[@]}是等价的。

echo "My array: ${arr[*]}"

echo "My array: ${arr[@]}"

4.shell数组的特色

shell数组的特色

shell数组可以给任何位置赋值，而未被赋值的位置是空（没有任何元素，包括空格等）。
shell数组的长度不受定义时的长度限制。
shell数组的长度指的是数组中元素的个数。并且对第一条仍然适用，即空位置不算长度。
shell数组中元素类型可以不同。

arr[10]=test
echo "current length of the array: ${#arr[@]}"
echo "8th and 9th elements of the array are: ${arr[8]}, ${arr[9]}"
echo "10th element of the array: ${arr[10]}"

#current length of the array: 6
#8th and 9th elements of the array are: ,
#10th element of the array: test

完整代码：

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#define a null array
null_arr=()
null_arr[0]=test
null_arr[1]=2
echo ${null_arr[1]} $null_arr
#define a array with 5 elements
arr=(1 2 3 4 5)
#calculate the length of the array
len=${#arr[@]}
echo "Length of array: $len"
#traverse the array with C-for
for ((i = 0; i < len; i++));do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
}
done
#traverse the array with its index
for i in "${!arr[@]}";do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
}
done
#traverse the array with for
for val in ${arr[@]};do
{
echo $val
}
done
#traverse the array with while
i=0
while [ $i -lt ${#arr[@]} ];do
{
echo $i"th element: ${arr[i]}"
#i=$(($i + 1))
#let ++i
let i++
}
done
arr[10]=test
echo "current length of the array: ${#arr[@]}"
echo "8th and 9th elements of the array are: ${arr[8]}, ${arr[9]}"
echo "10th element of the array: ${arr[10]}"