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详解Java的Spring框架中bean的注入集合

2015-12-05 17:15 981 查看

使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:

可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。

会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。

例子:
我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:

这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:

package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;
public class JavaCollection {
List addressList;
Set addressSet;
Map addressMap;
Properties addressProp;
// a setter method to set List
public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
this.addressList = addressList;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the list.
public List getAddressList() {
System.out.println("List Elements :" + addressList);
return addressList;
}
// a setter method to set Set
public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
this.addressSet = addressSet;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
public Set getAddressSet() {
System.out.println("Set Elements :" + addressSet);
return addressSet;
}
// a setter method to set Map
public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
this.addressMap = addressMap;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
public Map getAddressMap() {
System.out.println("Map Elements :" + addressMap);
return addressMap;
}
// a setter method to set Property
public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
this.addressProp = addressProp;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
public Properties getAddressProp() {
System.out.println("Property Elements :" + addressProp);
return addressProp;
}
}

以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:

package com.yiibai;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection");
jc.getAddressList();
jc.getAddressSet();
jc.getAddressMap();
jc.getAddressProp();
}
}

以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
<bean id="javaCollection" class="com.yiibai.JavaCollection">
<!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
<property name="addressList">
<list>
<value>INDIA</value>
<value>Pakistan</value>
<value>USA</value>
<value>USA</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
<property name="addressSet">
<set>
<value>INDIA</value>
<value>Pakistan</value>
<value>USA</value>
<value>USA</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
<property name="addressMap">
<map>
<entry key="1" value="INDIA"/>
<entry key="2" value="Pakistan"/>
<entry key="3" value="USA"/>
<entry key="4" value="USA"/>
</map>
</property>
<!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
<property name="addressProp">
<props>
<prop key="one">INDIA</prop>
<prop key="two">Pakistan</prop>
<prop key="three">USA</prop>
<prop key="four">USA</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:

List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}

注入Bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values -->
<bean id="..." class="...">
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List -->
<property name="addressList">
<list>
<ref bean="address1"/>
<ref bean="address2"/>
<value>Pakistan</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set -->
<property name="addressSet">
<set>
<ref bean="address1"/>
<ref bean="address2"/>
<value>Pakistan</value>
</set>
</property>
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map -->
<property name="addressMap">
<map>
<entry key="one" value="INDIA"/>
<entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/>
<entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>

使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。

注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
<property name="email" value=""/>
</bean>

前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail("")

如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
<property name="email"><null/></property>
</bean>

前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)

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标签:  Java Spring bean