Android之设置EditText输入类型(setInputType()方法和android:inputType属性)

在Android开发过程中，我们经常使用到EditText控件，并且会根据各种需求设置它的输入类型。设置EditText输入类型主要有两种方法，一种是使用EditText的setInputType()方法，另一种是在布局文件中使用android:inputType属性来设置。

下面将介绍这两种方法：

（1）使用EditText的setInputType()方法设置输入类型：

EditText editText;

//输入类型为没有指定明确的类型的特殊内容类型
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NULL);

//输入类型为普通文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT);

//输入类型为数字文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER);

//输入类型为电话号码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_PHONE);

//输入类型为日期和时间
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME);

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，允许输入日期和时间。
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL);

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个日期。
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE);

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个时间。
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME);

//输入类型为决定所给文本整体类的位掩码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_CLASS);

//输入类型为提供附加标志位选项的位掩码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_FLAGS);

//输入类型为决定基类内容变化的位掩码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_MASK_VARIATION);

//输入类型为小数数字，允许十进制小数点提供分数值。
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL);
//输入类型为数字是带符号的，允许在开头带正号或者负号
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED);

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}的缺省变化值：为纯普通数字文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL);

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}的缺省变化值：为数字密码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD);

//输入类型为自动完成文本类型
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE);

//输入类型为自动纠正文本类型
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT);

//输入类型为所有字符大写
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS);

//输入类型为每句的第一个字符大写
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES);

//输入类型为每个单词的第一个字母大写
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS);

//输入多行文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_IME_MULTI_LINE);

//进行输入时，输入法无提示
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS);

//输入一个短的，可能是非正式的消息，如即时消息或短信。
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_SHORT_MESSAGE);

//输入长内容，可能是正式的消息内容，比如电子邮件的主体
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_LONG_MESSAGE);

//输入文本以过滤列表等内容
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_FILTER);

//输入一个电子邮件地址
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS);

//输入电子邮件主题行
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT);

//输入一个密码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD);

//输入老式的普通文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL);

//输入人名
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PERSON_NAME);

//输入邮寄地址
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS);

//输入语音发音输入文本，如联系人拼音名称字段
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PHONETIC);

//输入URI
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI);

//输入对用户可见的密码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD);

//输入网页表单中的文本
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EDIT_TEXT);

//输入网页表单中的邮件地址
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EMAIL_ADDRESS);

//输入网页表单中的密码
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_PASSWORD);

下面是几个简单的例子：

/**
* 第一个例子：对用户可见的密码字段
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD);

/**
* 第二个例子：具有自动大写的多行邮寄地址
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS |
InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE);

/**
* 第三个例子：一个时间字段
*/
editText.setInputType(InputType.TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME |
InputType.TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME);

在本文的后续，将会附上Android源码中的InputType.java。

（2）在布局文件中使用android:inputType属性来设置：

//输入类型为没有指定明确的类型的特殊内容类型
android:inputType="none"

//输入类型为普通文本
android:inputType="text"

//输入类型为数字文本
android:inputType="number"

//输入类型为电话号码
android:inputType=”phone”

//输入类型为日期和时间
android:inputType=”datetime”

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个日期。
android:inputType=”date”

//输入类型为{@link#TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}的缺省变化值，只允许输入一个时间。
android:inputType=”time”

//输入类型为小数数字，允许十进制小数点提供分数值。
android:inputType="numberDecimal"

//输入类型为数字是带符号的，允许在开头带正号或者负号
android:inputType="numberSigned"

//输入类型为数字密码
android:inputType="numberPassword"

//输入类型为自动完成文本类型
android:inputType="textAutoComplete"

//输入类型为自动纠正文本类型
android:inputType="textAutoCorrect"

//输入类型为所有字符大写
android:inputType="textCapCharacters"

//输入类型为每句的第一个字符大写
android:inputType="textCapSentences"

//输入类型为每个单词的第一个字母大写
android:inputType="textCapWords"

//输入法多行文本
android:inputType="textImeMultiLine"

//进行输入时，输入法无提示
android:inputType="textNoSuggestions"

//输入一个短的，可能是非正式的消息，如即时消息或短信。
android:inputType="textShortMessage"

//输入长内容，可能是正式的消息内容，比如电子邮件的主体
android:inputType="textLongMessage"

//输入文本以过滤列表等内容
android:inputType="textFilter"

//输入一个电子邮件地址
android:inputType="textEmailAddress"

//输入电子邮件主题行
android:inputType="textEmailSubject"

//输入一个密码
android:inputType="textPassword"

//输入对用户可见的密码
android:inputType="textVisiblePassword"

//输入人的姓名
android:inputType="textPersonName"

//输入邮寄地址
android:inputType="textPostalAddress"

//输入语音发音输入文本，如联系人拼音名称字段
android:inputType="textPhonetic"

//输入URI
android:inputType="textUri"

//输入网页表单中的文本
android:inputType="textWebEditText"

//输入网页表单中的邮件地址
android:inputType="textWebEmailAddress"

//输入网页表单中的密码
android:inputType="textWebPassword"

最后，附上上Android源码中的InputType.java：

/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/

package android.text;

import android.text.TextUtils;

/**
* Bit definitions for an integer defining the basic content type of text
* held in an {@link Editable} object. Supported classes may be combined
* with variations and flags to indicate desired behaviors.
*
* <h3>Examples</h3>
*
* <dl>
* <dt>A password field with with the password visible to the user:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
*     TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD
*
* <dt>A multi-line postal address with automatic capitalization:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_TEXT |
*     TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS |
*     TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE
*
* <dt>A time field:
* <dd>inputType = TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME |
*     TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME
* </dl>
*/
public interface InputType {
/**
* Mask of bits that determine the overall class
* of text being given.  Currently supported classes are:
* {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER},
* {@link #TYPE_CLASS_PHONE}, {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}.
* <p>IME authors: If the class is not one you
* understand, assume {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT} with NO variation
* or flags.<p>
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_CLASS = 0x0000000f;

/**
* Mask of bits that determine the variation of
* the base content class.
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_VARIATION = 0x00000ff0;

/**
* Mask of bits that provide addition bit flags
* of options.
*/
public static final int TYPE_MASK_FLAGS = 0x00fff000;

/**
* Special content type for when no explicit type has been specified.
* This should be interpreted to mean that the target input connection
* is not rich, it can not process and show things like candidate text nor
* retrieve the current text, so the input method will need to run in a
* limited "generate key events" mode, if it supports it. Note that some
* input methods may not support it, for example a voice-based input
* method will likely not be able to generate key events even if this
* flag is set.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NULL = 0x00000000;

/**
* Class for normal text.  This class supports the following flags (only
* one of which should be set):
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS},
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS}, and.
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  It also supports the
* following variations:
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL}, and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI}.  If you do not recognize the
* variation, normal should be assumed.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_TEXT = 0x00000001;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize all characters.  Overrides
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  This value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS}. Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_CHARACTERS = 0x00001000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of
* every word.  Overrides {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES}.  This
* value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_WORDS}. Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS = 0x00002000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: capitalize the first character of
* each sentence.  This value is explicitly defined
* to be the same as {@link TextUtils#CAP_MODE_SENTENCES}. For example
* in English it means to capitalize after a period and a space (note that other
* languages may have different characters for period, or not use spaces,
* or use different grammatical rules). Of course,
* this only affects languages where there are upper-case and lower-case letters.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_SENTENCES = 0x00004000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the user is entering free-form
* text that should have auto-correction applied to it. Without this flag,
* the IME will not try to correct typos. You should always set this flag
* unless you really expect users to type non-words in this field, for
* example to choose a name for a character in a game.
* Contrast this with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} means that the IME will try to
* auto-correct typos as the user is typing, but does not define whether
* the IME offers an interface to show suggestions.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT = 0x00008000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the text editor (which means
* the application) is performing auto-completion of the text being entered
* based on its own semantics, which it will present to the user as they type.
* This generally means that the input method should not be showing
* candidates itself, but can expect the editor to supply its own
* completions/candidates from
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodSession#displayCompletions
* InputMethodSession.displayCompletions()} as a result of the editor calling
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager#displayCompletions
* InputMethodManager.displayCompletions()}.
* Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE} means the editor should show an
* interface for displaying suggestions, but instead of supplying its own
* it will rely on the Editor to pass completions/corrections.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE = 0x00010000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: multiple lines of text can be
* entered into the field.  If this flag is not set, the text field
* will be constrained to a single line. The IME may also choose not to
* display an enter key when this flag is not set, as there should be no
* need to create new lines.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_MULTI_LINE = 0x00020000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the regular text view associated
* with this should not be multi-line, but when a fullscreen input method
* is providing text it should use multiple lines if it can.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_IME_MULTI_LINE = 0x00040000;

/**
* Flag for {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: the input method does not need to
* display any dictionary-based candidates. This is useful for text views that
* do not contain words from the language and do not benefit from any
* dictionary-based completions or corrections. It overrides the
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} value when set.
* Please avoid using this unless you are certain this is what you want.
* Many input methods need suggestions to work well, for example the ones
* based on gesture typing. Consider clearing
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} instead if you just do not
* want the IME to correct typos.
* Note the contrast with {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECT} and
* {@link #TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_AUTO_COMPLETE}:
* {@code TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS} means the IME should never
* show an interface to display suggestions. Most IMEs will also take this to
* mean they should not try to auto-correct what the user is typing.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_NO_SUGGESTIONS = 0x00080000;

/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: plain old normal text.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a URI.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_URI = 0x00000010;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering an e-mail address.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x00000020;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the subject line of
* an e-mail.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_SUBJECT = 0x00000030;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a short, possibly informal
* message such as an instant message or a text message.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_SHORT_MESSAGE = 0x00000040;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the content of a long, possibly
* formal message such as the body of an e-mail.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_LONG_MESSAGE = 0x00000050;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering the name of a person.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PERSON_NAME = 0x00000060;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a postal mailing address.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_POSTAL_ADDRESS = 0x00000070;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000080;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering a password, which should
* be visible to the user.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_VISIBLE_PASSWORD = 0x00000090;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text inside of a web form.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EDIT_TEXT = 0x000000a0;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text to filter contents
* of a list etc.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_FILTER = 0x000000b0;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering text for phonetic
* pronunciation, such as a phonetic name field in contacts. This is mostly
* useful for languages where one spelling may have several phonetic
* readings, like Japanese.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PHONETIC = 0x000000c0;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering e-mail address inside
* of a web form.  This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_EMAIL_ADDRESS}
* when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_EMAIL_ADDRESS = 0x000000d0;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_TEXT}: entering password inside
* of a web form.  This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be seen as {@link #TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_PASSWORD}
* when passed through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_TEXT_VARIATION_WEB_PASSWORD = 0x000000e0;

/**
* Class for numeric text.  This class supports the following flags:
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED} and
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL}.  It also supports the following
* variations: {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL} and
* {@link #TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD}.
* <p>IME authors: If you do not recognize
* the variation, normal should be assumed.</p>
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER = 0x00000002;

/**
* Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is signed, allowing
* a positive or negative sign at the start.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_SIGNED = 0x00001000;

/**
* Flag of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: the number is decimal, allowing
* a decimal point to provide fractional values.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_FLAG_DECIMAL = 0x00002000;

/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: plain normal
* numeric text.  This was added in
* {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An IME must target
* this API version or later to see this input type; if it doesn't, a request
* for this type will be dropped when passed through
* {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;

/**
* Variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER}: entering a numeric password.
* This was added in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}.  An
* IME must target this API version or later to see this input type; if it
* doesn't, a request for this type will be dropped when passed
* through {@link android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo#makeCompatible(int)
* EditorInfo.makeCompatible(int)}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_NUMBER_VARIATION_PASSWORD = 0x00000010;

/**
* Class for a phone number.  This class currently supports no variations
* or flags.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_PHONE = 0x00000003;

/**
* Class for dates and times.  It supports the
* following variations:
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL}
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE}, and
* {@link #TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME}.
*/
public static final int TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME = 0x00000004;

/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* both a date and time.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_NORMAL = 0x00000000;

/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* only a date.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_DATE = 0x00000010;

/**
* Default variation of {@link #TYPE_CLASS_DATETIME}: allows entering
* only a time.
*/
public static final int TYPE_DATETIME_VARIATION_TIME = 0x00000020;
}