MySQL操作笔记(3)
2015-11-09 16:57
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MySQL乱码问题
文件形式
思想:LINUX、客户端、服务端、库、表、程序 字符集统一
mysql字符集
修改服务端字符集
修改库表字符集
总结:修改字符集
参数查看修改命令
mysql> insert into student values('8','张三','10','') ; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+----------+-----+------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL | | 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL | | 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL | | 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL | | 6 | ll | 12 | NULL | | 7 | qp | 10 | NULL | | 8 | ?? | 10 | | +----+----------+-----+------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table student\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: student Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(4) NOT NULL, `name` char(20) NOT NULL, `age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, UNIQUE KEY `ind_id` (`id`), KEY `ind_name` (`name`(8)), KEY `ind_name_dept` (`name`,`dept`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into student values('9','张三','10','') ; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+----------+-----+------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL | | 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL | | 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL | | 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL | | 6 | ll | 12 | NULL | | 7 | qp | 10 | NULL | | 8 | ?? | 10 | | | 9 | 张三 | 10 | | +----+----------+-----+------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
文件形式
--与库表,系统字符集没有关系 [root@mysql /]# vi test.sql set names latin1; insert into student values('10','张四','10',''); mysql> use db Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> system ls -ll /test.sql -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 Nov 9 15:20 /test.sql mysql> source /test.sql Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+----------+-----+------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL | | 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL | | 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL | | 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL | | 6 | ll | 12 | NULL | | 7 | qp | 10 | NULL | | 8 | ?? | 10 | | | 9 | 张三 | 10 | | | 10 | 张四 | 10 | | +----+----------+-----+------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) -- [root@mysql /]# vi test.sql set names latin1; insert into student values('11','张四','10',''); [root@mysql /]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 db < /test.sql mysql> select * from student; +----+----------------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+----------------+-----+------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL | | 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL | | 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL | | 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL | | 6 | ll | 12 | NULL | | 7 | qp | 10 | NULL | | 8 | ?? | 10 | | | 9 | å¼ ä¸‰ | 10 | | | 10 | å¼ å›› | 10 | | | 11 | å¼ å›› | 10 | | +----+----------------+-----+------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from student; +----+----------+-----+------+ | id | name | age | dept | +----+----------+-----+------+ | 1 | zhangsan | 20 | NULL | | 2 | lisi | 21 | NULL | | 3 | zhangss | 20 | NULL | | 4 | wangwu | 30 | NULL | | 6 | ll | 12 | NULL | | 7 | qp | 10 | NULL | | 8 | ?? | 10 | | | 9 | 张三 | 10 | | | 10 | 张四 | 10 | | | 11 | 张四 | 10 | | +----+----------+-----+------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
思想:LINUX、客户端、服务端、库、表、程序 字符集统一
--LINUX 建议UTF8 [root@mysql /]# cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n LANG="en_US.UTF-8" SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16" --MySQL客户端 my.cnf永久,set names临时 mysql>set names latin1 [client] default-character-set=latin1 --MySQL服务端 my.cnf [mysqld] default-character-set=utf8 --5.1以前版本 character-set-server=utf8 --5.5以后版本 --库表 CREATE DATABASE `db` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(4) NOT NULL, `name` char(20) NOT NULL, `age` tinyint(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `dept` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, UNIQUE KEY `ind_id` (`id`), KEY `ind_name` (`name`(8)), KEY `ind_name_dept` (`name`,`dept`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
mysql字符集
--字符集介绍 GBK 长度2 UTF-8 长度3 Latin1 长度1 utf8mb4 长度4 [root@mysql /]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -p123456 -e"show character set;" +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | +----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+ mysql> show variables like 'character_set%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /application/mysql-5.5.32/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ --默认与系统字符集一样 character_set_client character_set_connection character_set_results --(1)设置参数登录 [root@mysql /]# mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock -uroot -p123456 --default-character-set=latin1 --(2)临时生效 mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) --(3)修改客户端,不需重启服务 [client] default-character-set=latin1 mysql> show variables like 'character_set%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /application/mysql-5.5.32/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
修改服务端字符集
[root@mysql 3306]# vi my.cnf [mysqld] character-set-server=utf8 [root@mysql 3306]# ./mysql restart mysql> show variables like 'character_set%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /application/mysql-5.5.32/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
修改库表字符集
--不改变原数据字符集 mysql> alter database db character set=utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table db.student character set=utf8; Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.46 sec) Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
总结:修改字符集
1、建库及表结构语句导出,sed批量修改字符集 2、导出所有数据 3、修改mysql服务端和客户端字符集 4、删除原有的库表及数据 5、导入新的建库表语句 6、导入原数据
参数查看修改命令
SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [like_or_where] SHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES [like_or_where] SET variable_assignment [, variable_assignment] ... variable_assignment: user_var_name = expr | [GLOBAL | SESSION] system_var_name = expr | [@@global. | @@session. | @@]system_var_name = expr
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