第十周-二叉树的层次遍历算法

#ifndef BTREE_H_INCLUDED
#define BTREE_H_INCLUDED

#define MaxSize 100
typedef char ElemType;
typedef struct node
{
ElemType data;              //数据元素
struct node *lchild;        //指向左孩子
struct node *rchild;        //指向右孩子
} BTNode;
void CreateBTNode(BTNode *&b,char *str);        //由str串创建二叉链
BTNode *FindNode(BTNode *b,ElemType x);     //返回data域为x的节点指针
BTNode *LchildNode(BTNode *p);  //返回*p节点的左孩子节点指针
BTNode *RchildNode(BTNode *p);  //返回*p节点的右孩子节点指针
int BTNodeDepth(BTNode *b); //求二叉树b的深度
void DispBTNode(BTNode *b); //以括号表示法输出二叉树
void DestroyBTNode(BTNode *&b);  //销毁二叉树

#endif // BTREE_H_INCLUDED

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include "btree.h"

void CreateBTNode(BTNode *&b,char *str)     //由str串创建二叉链
{
BTNode *St[MaxSize],*p=NULL;
int top=-1,k,j=0;
char ch;
b=NULL;             //建立的二叉树初始时为空
ch=str[j];
while (ch!='\0')    //str未扫描完时循环
{
switch(ch)
{
case '(':
top++;
St[top]=p;
k=1;
break;      //为左节点
case ')':
top--;
break;
case ',':
k=2;
break;                          //为右节点
default:
p=(BTNode *)malloc(sizeof(BTNode));
p->data=ch;
p->lchild=p->rchild=NULL;
if (b==NULL)                    //p指向二叉树的根节点
b=p;
else                            //已建立二叉树根节点
{
switch(k)
{
case 1:
St[top]->lchild=p;
break;
case 2:
St[top]->rchild=p;
break;
}
}
}
j++;
ch=str[j];
}
}
BTNode *FindNode(BTNode *b,ElemType x)  //返回data域为x的节点指针
{
BTNode *p;
if (b==NULL)
return NULL;
else if (b->data==x)
return b;
else
{
p=FindNode(b->lchild,x);
if (p!=NULL)
return p;
else
return FindNode(b->rchild,x);
}
}
BTNode *LchildNode(BTNode *p)   //返回*p节点的左孩子节点指针
{
return p->lchild;
}
BTNode *RchildNode(BTNode *p)   //返回*p节点的右孩子节点指针
{
return p->rchild;
}
int BTNodeDepth(BTNode *b)  //求二叉树b的深度
{
int lchilddep,rchilddep;
if (b==NULL)
return(0);                          //空树的高度为0
else
{
lchilddep=BTNodeDepth(b->lchild);   //求左子树的高度为lchilddep
rchilddep=BTNodeDepth(b->rchild);   //求右子树的高度为rchilddep
return (lchilddep>rchilddep)? (lchilddep+1):(rchilddep+1);
}
}
void DispBTNode(BTNode *b)  //以括号表示法输出二叉树
{
if (b!=NULL)
{
printf("%c",b->data);
if (b->lchild!=NULL || b->rchild!=NULL)
{
printf("(");
DispBTNode(b->lchild);
if (b->rchild!=NULL) printf(",");
DispBTNode(b->rchild);
printf(")");
}
}
}
void DestroyBTNode(BTNode *&b)   //销毁二叉树
{
if (b!=NULL)
{
DestroyBTNode(b->lchild);
DestroyBTNode(b->rchild);
free(b);
}
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include "btree.h"

void LevelOrder(BTNode *b)
{
BTNode *p;
BTNode *qu[MaxSize];    //定义环形队列,存放节点指针
int front,rear; //定义队头和队尾指针
front=rear=-1;      //置队列为空队列
rear++;
qu[rear]=b;     //根节点指针进入队列
while (front!=rear) //队列不为空
{
front=(front+1)%MaxSize;
p=qu[front];        //队头出队列
printf("%c ",p->data);  //访问节点
if (p->lchild!=NULL)    //有左孩子时将其进队
{
rear=(rear+1)%MaxSize;
qu[rear]=p->lchild;
}
if (p->rchild!=NULL)    //有右孩子时将其进队
{
rear=(rear+1)%MaxSize;
qu[rear]=p->rchild;
}
}
}

int main()
{
BTNode *b;
CreateBTNode(b,"A(B(D,E(H(J,K(L,M(,N))))),C(F,G(,I)))");
printf("二叉树b: ");
DispBTNode(b);
printf("\n");
printf("层次遍历序列:\n");
LevelOrder(b);
DestroyBTNode(b);
return 0;
}