Python的SMTP发送邮件学习记录

这是我的第一个用markdown写的博客

首先上代码，这是我在学习了用Python邮箱编程后模仿写的测试代码

这是版本一的代码：

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
msg=MIMEText('hello,send by python...','plain','utf-8')
from_addr=raw_input('From: ')
password=raw_input('Password: ')
smtp_server=raw_input('SMTP server: ')
to_addr=raw_input('To: ')
import smtplib
server=smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,25)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.starttls()
server.login(from_addr,password)
server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr],msg.as_string())
server.quit()

此版本的特点是：

邮件没有主题

收件人的名字没有显示为友好的名字，比如Mr Green green@example.com

明明收到了邮件，却提示不在收件人中

于是做了测试，用qq邮箱发给outlook与gmail，试了很多次，邮件都被回退了；相反，用qq给自家（另外一个邮箱）发，确成功了。

QXdeMacBook-Pro:workspace qx$ python smtp.py
From: xqconverse@foxmail.com
Password: ********(for secret!)
SMTP server: smtp.qq.com
To: 2453694798@qq.com
send: 'ehlo QXdeMacBook-Pro.local\r\n'
reply: '250-smtp.qq.com\r\n'
reply: '250-PIPELINING\r\n'
reply: '250-SIZE 73400320\r\n'
reply: '250-STARTTLS\r\n'
reply: '250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN\r\n'
reply: '250-AUTH=LOGIN\r\n'
reply: '250-MAILCOMPRESS\r\n'
reply: '250 8BITMIME\r\n'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: smtp.qq.com
PIPELINING
SIZE 73400320
STARTTLS
AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
AUTH=LOGIN
MAILCOMPRESS
8BITMIME
send: 'STARTTLS\r\n'
reply: '220 Ready to start TLS\r\n'
reply: retcode (220); Msg: Ready to start TLS
send: 'ehlo QXdeMacBook-Pro.local\r\n'
reply: '250-smtp.qq.com\r\n'
reply: '250-PIPELINING\r\n'
reply: '250-SIZE 73400320\r\n'
reply: '250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN\r\n'
reply: '250-AUTH=LOGIN\r\n'
reply: '250-MAILCOMPRESS\r\n'
reply: '250 8BITMIME\r\n'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: smtp.qq.com
PIPELINING
SIZE 73400320
AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
AUTH=LOGIN
MAILCOMPRESS
8BITMIME
send: 'AUTH PLAIN AHhxY29udmVyc2VAZm94bWFpbC5jb20AMTExMjIwcXg=\r\n'
reply: '235 Authentication successful\r\n'
reply: retcode (235); Msg: Authentication successful
send: 'mail FROM:<xqconverse@foxmail.com> size=128\r\n'
reply: '250 Ok\r\n'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: Ok
send: 'rcpt TO:<2453694798@qq.com>\r\n'
reply: '250 Ok\r\n'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: Ok
send: 'data\r\n'
reply: '354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>\r\n'
reply: retcode (354); Msg: End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
data: (354, 'End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>')
send: 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"\r\nMIME-Version: 1.0\r\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\r\n\r\naGVsbG8sc2VuZCBieSBweXRob24uLi4=\r\n.\r\n'
reply: '250 Ok: queued as \r\n'
reply: retcode (250); Msg: Ok: queued as
data: (250, 'Ok: queued as')
send: 'quit\r\n'
reply: '221 Bye\r\n'
reply: retcode (221); Msg: Bye

版本一的缺点，是因为邮件主题、如何显示发件人、收件人等信息并不是通过SMTP协议发给MTA，而是包含在发给MTA的文本中的，所以，我们必须把From、To和Subject添加到MIMEText中，才是一封完整的邮件：

以下就是版本二：

from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
import smtplib

def _format_addr(s):
name, addr=parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((\
Header(name,'utf-8').encode(),\
addr.encode('utf-8') if isinstance(addr,unicode) else addr))

from_addr=raw_input('From: ')
password=raw_input('Password: ')
to_addr=raw_input('To: ')
smtp_server=raw_input('SMTP Server: ')

msg=MIMEText('hello, send by python...','plain','utf-8')
msg['From']=_format_addr(u'Python Lover <%s>' % from_addr)
msg['To']=_format_addr(u'Admin <%s>' % to_addr)
msg['Subject']=Header(u'Hello sent from SMTP....','utf-8').encode()

server=smtplib.SMTP(smtp_server,25)
server.set_debuglevel(1)
server.login(from_addr,password)
server.sendmail(from_addr,[to_addr],msg.as_string())
server.quit()

点击参照原文

这次我再次用了自己的qq邮箱做实验，发给outlook、gmail与qq邮箱，都成功了！原来当时邮件被回退是应为，缺少了一些信息，比如邮件主题、发件人、收件人。