Python - 继承(Inheritance) 详解 及 代码

http://blog.csdn.net/caroline_wendy/article/details/20357767

继承可以使代码重用, 是类型和子类型的关系;

Python中, 继承是在类名的括号中填入继承的基类, 即class DerivedClass(BaseClass):

基类初始化需要使用self变量, 即BaseClass.__init__(self, val1, val2), 需要手动调用基类的构造函数;

派生共享基类的成员变量, 可以直接使用self.val进行使用;

可以重写(override)基类的方法, 则使用时, 会优先调用派生类的方法;

代码如下:

class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
print('(Initialized Person: {0})'.format(self.name))

def tell(self):
print('Name:"{0}" Age:"{1}"'.format(self.name, self.age))

class Man(Person): #继承
def __init__(self, name, age, salary):
Person.__init__(self, name, age)
self.salary = salary
print('(Initialized Man: {0})'.format(self.name))

def tell(self): #重写基类方法
Person.tell(self)
print('Salary: "{0:d}"'.format(self.salary))

class Woman (Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, score):
Person.__init__(self, name, age)
self.score = score
print('(Initialized Woman: {0})'.format(self.name))

def tell(self): #重写基类方法
Person.tell(self)
print('score: "{0:d}"'.format(self.score))

c = Woman('Caroline', 30, 80)
s = Man('Spike', 25, 15000)
print('\n')
members = [c, s]
for m in members:
m.tell()

输出:

(Initialized Person: Caroline)
(Initialized Woman: Caroline)
(Initialized Person: Spike)
(Initialized Man: Spike)

Name:"Caroline" Age:"30"
score: "80"
Name:"Spike" Age:"25"
Salary: "15000"