Mastering Nginx 笔记一----Nginx基础及location解释

Installing NGINX and Third-Party Modules

Installing NGINX using a package
manager

yum install nginx

CentOS
Add the NGINX repository to your yum configuration by creating the following file:

vi /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

Preparing a build environment

yum install pcre-devel
yum install zlib-devel
yum install openssl-devel

Installing NGINX from source

I would therefore recommend the following configure options for a web
accelerator/proxy:

$ ./configure --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-
http_geoip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-openssl=${BUILD_
DIR}/openssl-1.0.1c

And the following for a web server:

$ ./configure --with-http_stub_status_module

installing third-party modules

1. Locate the module you would like to use (either search on https://github.com or see http://wiki.nginx.org/3rdPartyModules ).
2. Download the module.
3. Unpack the source.
4. Read the README file, if included. See if there are any dependencies
that you will need to install.
5. Configure NGINX to use the module as follows. /configure –add-
module=<path>

A Configuration Guide
The server_name directive is fairly straightforward, but can be used to solve a number
of configuration problems. Its default value is "" , which means that a server section
without a server_name directive will match a request that has no Host header field
set. This can be used, for example, to drop requests that lack this header:
server {
listen 80;
return 444;
}
The non-standard HTTP code, 444 , used in this example will cause NGINX to
immediately close the connection.

NGINX uses the following logic when determining which virtual server should
serve a specific request:
1. Match the IP address and port to the listen directive.
2. Match the Host header field against the server_name directive as a string.
3. Match the Host header field against the server_name directive with a
wildcard at the beginning of the string.
4. Match the Host header field against the server_name directive with a
wildcard at the end of the string.
5. Match the Host header field against the server_name directive as a regular
expression.
6. If all the Host headers match fail , then direct to the listen directive
marked as default_server .
7. If all the Host headers match fail and there is no default_server ,
direct to the first server with a listen directive that satisfies step 1.
Locations

The location directive may be used within a virtual server section and indicates a
URI that comes either from the client or from an internal redirect

A location is defined as follows:

location [modifier] uri {...}
Or for a named location:
location @name {…}

A named location is only reachable from an internal redirect. It preserves the URI
as it was before entering the location block. It may only be defined at the server
context level.
Location modifiers
Modifier Handling
= Use exact match and terminate search.
~ Case-sensitive regular expression matching.
~* Case-insensitive regular expression matching.
^~ Stops processing before regular expressions are
checked for a match of this location's string, if
it's the most specific match. Note that this is not
a regular expression match – its purpose is to
preempt regular expression matching.
表示uri以某个常规字符串开头，理解为匹配 url路径即可。nginx不对url做编码，因此请求为/static/20%/aa，可以被规则^~ /static/ /aa匹配到（注意是空格）。

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