Android里的onTouch事件的分发与消费

简单讲述：Android里的onTouch事件的分发与消费

初学Android将近一年的时间了，由于一开始就是工作性学习（没有系统的学习）。所以一般接触最多的就是组件的使用，而自己在接触比复杂的组件或者Android其他相关知识的时候总是感觉比较吃力，嗯，就是比较吃力，想要研究研究却不知道从哪里下手，现在想写一些基础的东西来系统的了解一下Android。

在看到Android的窗口管理机制当中的一些知识时，感觉其中的Touch事件大家用的比较频繁，而且也不是很难，所以自己想学习并记录下来。Android的所有的窗口window管理服务都是和系统服务WMS（WindowManagerService）相互联系的，包括这次讲的Touch事件。Touch事件是有WMS传递通过ViewRootImpl传递给给Activity，这次主要讲从Activity开始一直到View的过程中对Touch事件的处理。

在讲述Touch事件的分发和消费之前先讲几个有关的方法：

文章中设计的Android源码都来自Android4.4。

事件分发：

View|ViewGroup|Activity：

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent (MotionEvent ev)

Touch事件发生时Activity的dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)方法会以隧道方式将事件传递给最外层View的dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)方法，并由该View的dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)方法对事件进行分发（从根元素依次往下传递在中间的某一个元素中由于某一个条件停止传递否则直到最内层子元素），dispatchTouchEvent事件分发逻辑：

return true，事件停止向下传递，同事分发给当前View的并由该View的onTouchEvent方法进行消费。

return false，如果当前的事件来自于Activity，则事件返回给Activity的onTouchEvent进行消费；

[code]    //Activity.java
    /**
     * Called to process touch screen events.  You can override this to
     * intercept all touch screen events before they are dispatched to the
     * window.  Be sure to call this implementation for touch screen events
     * that should be handled normally.
     * 
     * @param ev The touch screen event.
     * 
     * @return boolean Return true if this event was consumed.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
            onUserInteraction();
        }
        if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {
            return true;
        }
        return onTouchEvent(ev);
    }

return false，如果当前的事件来自外层父控件，则会将事件返回给父View的onTouchEvent方法。我们一起来看看代码(PS:有子控间的组件一定是ViewGroup)：

一、判断ViewGroup是否对此事件进行拦截

二、如果此事件没有被ViewGroup自己拦截

三、ViewGroup对其自己的所有孩子进行事件的分发

四、ViewGroup处理孩子的分发事件的结果

五、此ViewGroup中没有孩子进行事件的分发（所有的孩子ondispatchTouchEvent都为false）

六、ViewGroup给自己分发让自己消费

[code]    //ViewGroup.java
    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(ev, 1);
        }

        boolean handled = false;
        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(ev)) {
            final int action = ev.getAction();
            final int actionMasked = action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK;

            // Handle an initial down.
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {
                // Throw away all previous state when starting a new touch gesture.
                // The framework may have dropped the up or cancel event for the previous gesture
                // due to an app switch, ANR, or some other state change.
                cancelAndClearTouchTargets(ev);
                resetTouchState();
            }

            // Check for interception.
            final boolean intercepted;
            if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                    || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;
                if (!disallowIntercept) {
                    //一、判断ViewGroup是否对此事件进行拦截
                    intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);
                    ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed
                } else {
                    intercepted = false;
                }
            } else {
                // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down
                // so this view group continues to intercept touches.
                intercepted = true;
            }

            // Check for cancelation.
            final boolean canceled = resetCancelNextUpFlag(this)
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL;

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer down, if needed.
            final boolean split = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_SPLIT_MOTION_EVENTS) != 0;
            TouchTarget newTouchTarget = null;
            boolean alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = false;
            //二、如果此事件没有被ViewGroup自己拦截
            if (!canceled && !intercepted) {
                if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN
                        || (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN)
                        || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                    final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex(); // always 0 for down
                    final int idBitsToAssign = split ? 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex)
                            : TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS;

                    // Clean up earlier touch targets for this pointer id in case they
                    // have become out of sync.
                    removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToAssign);

                    final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
                    if (newTouchTarget == null && childrenCount != 0) {
                        final float x = ev.getX(actionIndex);
                        final float y = ev.getY(actionIndex);
                        // Find a child that can receive the event.
                        // Scan children from front to back.
                        final View[] children = mChildren;

                        final boolean customOrder = isChildrenDrawingOrderEnabled();
                        //三、ViewGroup对其自己的所有孩子进行事件的分发
                        for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                            final int childIndex = customOrder ?
                                    getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
                            final View child = children[childIndex];
                            if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)
                                    || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {
                                continue;
                            }

                            newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);
                            if (newTouchTarget != null) {
                                // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.
                                // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.
                                newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                                break;
                            }

                            resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);
                            //四、ViewGroup处理孩子的分发事件的结果
                            if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {
                                // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.
                                mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();
                                mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;
                                mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();
                                mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();
                                newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);
                                alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    if (newTouchTarget == null && mFirstTouchTarget != null) {
                        // Did not find a child to receive the event.
                        // Assign the pointer to the least recently added target.
                        newTouchTarget = mFirstTouchTarget;
                        while (newTouchTarget.next != null) {
                            newTouchTarget = newTouchTarget.next;
                        }
                        newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Dispatch to touch targets.
            if (mFirstTouchTarget == null) {
                // No touch targets so treat this as an ordinary view.
                handled = dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, canceled, null,
                        TouchTarget.ALL_POINTER_IDS);
            } else {
                // Dispatch to touch targets, excluding the new touch target if we already
                // dispatched to it.  Cancel touch targets if necessary.
                TouchTarget predecessor = null;
                TouchTarget target = mFirstTouchTarget;
                while (target != null) {
                    final TouchTarget next = target.next;
                    //五、此ViewGroup中没有孩子进行事件的分发（所有的孩子ondispatchTouchEvent都为false）
                    if (alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget && target == newTouchTarget) {
                        handled = true;
                    } else {
                        final boolean cancelChild = resetCancelNextUpFlag(target.child)
                                || intercepted;
                        //六、ViewGroup给自己分发让自己消费
                        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, cancelChild,
                                target.child, target.pointerIdBits)) {
                            handled = true;
                        }
                        if (cancelChild) {
                            if (predecessor == null) {
                                mFirstTouchTarget = next;
                            } else {
                                predecessor.next = next;
                            }
                            target.recycle();
                            target = next;
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                    predecessor = target;
                    target = next;
                }
            }

            // Update list of touch targets for pointer up or cancel, if needed.
            if (canceled
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP
                    || actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                resetTouchState();
            } else if (split && actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP) {
                final int actionIndex = ev.getActionIndex();
                final int idBitsToRemove = 1 << ev.getPointerId(actionIndex);
                removePointersFromTouchTargets(idBitsToRemove);
            }
        }

        if (!handled && mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(ev, 1);
        }
        return handled;
    }

    ViewGroup.java
    /**
     * Transforms a motion event into the coordinate space of a particular child view,
     * filters out irrelevant pointer ids, and overrides its action if necessary.
     * If child is null, assumes the MotionEvent will be sent to this ViewGroup instead.
     */
    private boolean dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(MotionEvent event, boolean cancel,
            View child, int desiredPointerIdBits) {
        final boolean handled;

        // Canceling motions is a special case.  We don't need to perform any transformations
        // or filtering.  The important part is the action, not the contents.
        final int oldAction = event.getAction();
        if (cancel || oldAction == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) {
            event.setAction(MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL);
            if (child == null) {
                handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            } else {
                handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
            }
            event.setAction(oldAction);
            return handled;
        }

        // Calculate the number of pointers to deliver.
        final int oldPointerIdBits = event.getPointerIdBits();
        final int newPointerIdBits = oldPointerIdBits & desiredPointerIdBits;

        // If for some reason we ended up in an inconsistent state where it looks like we
        // might produce a motion event with no pointers in it, then drop the event.
        if (newPointerIdBits == 0) {
            return false;
        }

        // If the number of pointers is the same and we don't need to perform any fancy
        // irreversible transformations, then we can reuse the motion event for this
        // dispatch as long as we are careful to revert any changes we make.
        // Otherwise we need to make a copy.
        final MotionEvent transformedEvent;
        if (newPointerIdBits == oldPointerIdBits) {
            if (child == null || child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                if (child == null) {
                    handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);
                } else {
                    final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
                    final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
                    event.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);

                    handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

                    event.offsetLocation(-offsetX, -offsetY);
                }
                return handled;
            }
            transformedEvent = MotionEvent.obtain(event);
        } else {
            transformedEvent = event.split(newPointerIdBits);
        }

        // Perform any necessary transformations and dispatch.
        if (child == null) {
            handled = super.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        } else {
            final float offsetX = mScrollX - child.mLeft;
            final float offsetY = mScrollY - child.mTop;
            transformedEvent.offsetLocation(offsetX, offsetY);
            if (! child.hasIdentityMatrix()) {
                transformedEvent.transform(child.getInverseMatrix());
            }

            handled = child.dispatchTouchEvent(transformedEvent);
        }

        // Done.
        transformedEvent.recycle();
        return handled;
    }

如果返回系统默认的super.dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)，事件会自动的分发给当前的View的onInterceptTouchEvent方法。这个根据上边的代码也能看出来dispatchTouchEvent方法第一步就是执行onInterceptTouchEvent方法。

事件拦截：

ViewGroup:

public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

在外层 View 的 dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) 方法返回系统默认的 super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev) 情况下，事件会自动的分发给当前 View 的 onInterceptTouchEvent 方法。onInterceptTouchEvent 的事件拦截逻辑如下：

如果 onInterceptTouchEvent 返回 true，则表示将事件进行拦截，并将拦截到的事件交由当前 View 的 onTouchEvent 进行处理。

如果 onInterceptTouchEvent 返回 false，则表示将事件放行，当前 View 上的事件会被传递到子 View 上，再由子 View 的 dispatchTouchEvent 来开始这个事件的分发。

如果 onInterceptTouchEvent 返回 super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev)，事件默认不会被拦截。这个根据下边的Android源码我们可以看出来。

[code]    ViewGroup.java
    /**
     * Implement this method to intercept all touch screen motion events.  This
     * allows you to watch events as they are dispatched to your children, and
     * take ownership of the current gesture at any point.
     *
     * <p>Using this function takes some care, as it has a fairly complicated
     * interaction with {@link View#onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)
     * View.onTouchEvent(MotionEvent)}, and using it requires implementing
     * that method as well as this one in the correct way.  Events will be
     * received in the following order:
     *
     * <ol>
     * <li> You will receive the down event here.
     * <li> The down event will be handled either by a child of this view
     * group, or given to your own onTouchEvent() method to handle; this means
     * you should implement onTouchEvent() to return true, so you will
     * continue to see the rest of the gesture (instead of looking for
     * a parent view to handle it).  Also, by returning true from
     * onTouchEvent(), you will not receive any following
     * events in onInterceptTouchEvent() and all touch processing must
     * happen in onTouchEvent() like normal.
     * <li> For as long as you return false from this function, each following
     * event (up to and including the final up) will be delivered first here
     * and then to the target's onTouchEvent().
     * <li> If you return true from here, you will not receive any
     * following events: the target view will receive the same event but
     * with the action {@link MotionEvent#ACTION_CANCEL}, and all further
     * events will be delivered to your onTouchEvent() method and no longer
     * appear here.
     * </ol>
     *
     * @param ev The motion event being dispatched down the hierarchy.
     * @return Return true to steal motion events from the children and have
     * them dispatched to this ViewGroup through onTouchEvent().
     * The current target will receive an ACTION_CANCEL event, and no further
     * messages will be delivered here.
     */
    public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {
        return false;
    }

事件消费

View|ViewGroup|Activity：

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev)

在 dispatchTouchEvent 返回 super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev) 并且 onInterceptTouchEvent 返回 false或返回 super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev) 的情况下 onTouchEvent 会被调用。onTouchEvent 的事件响应逻辑如下(PS:由ViewGroup的dispatchTransformedTouchEvent方法可以看到其实调用的是 super.dispatchTouchEvent(ev)，也就是View的dispatchTouchEvent方法)：

[code]    //View.java
    /**
     * Pass the touch screen motion event down to the target view, or this
     * view if it is the target.
     *
     * @param event The motion event to be dispatched.
     * @return True if the event was handled by the view, false otherwise.
     */
    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onTouchEvent(event, 0);
        }

        if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {
            //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED
                    && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {
                return true;
            }

            if (onTouchEvent(event)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        if (mInputEventConsistencyVerifier != null) {
            mInputEventConsistencyVerifier.onUnhandledEvent(event, 0);
        }
        return false;
    }

如果返回了 true 则会接收并消费该事件。

如果事件传递到当前 View 的 onTouchEvent 方法，而该方法返回了 false，那么这个事件从当前 View 向上传递，并且都是由上层 View 的 onTouchEvent 来接收。

如果返回 super.onTouchEvent(ev) 默认处理事件的逻辑和返回 false 时相同。