Linux du,df 查看文件及文件夹大小

df可以查看一级文件夹大小,使用比例,档案系统及其挂入点,但对文件却无能为力。
du可以查看文件及文件夹的大小。

两者配合使用,非常有效.比如用df查看哪个一级目录过大,然后用du查看文件夹或文件的大小,如此便可迅速确定症结。

下面分别简要介绍:

df命令可以显示目前所有文件系统的可用空间及使用情形，请看下列这个例子：

以下是代码片段：

root@AY14Z:~# df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/xvda1       20G  4.0G   15G  22% /

none            4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup

udev            486M  4.0K  486M   1% /dev

tmpfs           100M  396K   99M   1% /run

none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock

none            497M     0  497M   0% /run/shm

none            100M     0  100M   0% /run/user

/dev/xvdb1       20G  273M   19G   2% /mnt

du:查询文件或文件夹的磁盘使用空间

如果当前目录下文件和文件夹很多,使用不带参数du的命令,可以循环列出所有文件和文件夹所使用的空间.这对查看究竟是那个地方过大是不利的,

所以得指定深入目录的层数,参数:--max-depth=,这是个很有用的参数！如下,注意使用“*”，可以得到文件的使用空间大小.

以下是代码片段:

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server

384M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57

686M /root/server/mysql

1.1G         /root/server

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/*

2.2M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/bin

228K /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/conf

4.2M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/work

4.0K         /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/temp

6.8M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/lib

171M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps

200M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/logs

384M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57

336M /root/server/mysql/bin

736K /root/server/mysql/man

52K /root/server/mysql/docs

122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test

108K /root/server/mysql/support-files

222M /root/server/mysql/lib

2.6M /root/server/mysql/share

2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench

12K         /root/server/mysql/data

20K         /root/server/mysql/scripts

704K /root/server/mysql/include

686M /root/server/mysql

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/mysql/

336M /root/server/mysql/bin

736K /root/server/mysql/man

52K         /root/server/mysql/docs

122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test

108K /root/server/mysql/support-files

222M /root/server/mysql/lib

2.6M /root/server/mysql/share

2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench

12K         /root/server/mysql/data

20K         /root/server/mysql/scripts

704K /root/server/mysql/include

686M /root/server/mysql/

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/mysql/*

336M /root/server/mysql/bin

20K /root/server/mysql/COPYING

8.0K         /root/server/mysql/data/test

12K /root/server/mysql/data

52K /root/server/mysql/docs

212K /root/server/mysql/include/mysql

704K /root/server/mysql/include

132K /root/server/mysql/INSTALL-BINARY

908K /root/server/mysql/lib/plugin

222M /root/server/mysql/lib

724K /root/server/mysql/man/man1

8.0K         /root/server/mysql/man/man8

736K /root/server/mysql/man

852K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/extra

15M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/r

1.8M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/std_data

584K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/lib

8.3M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/t

94M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/suite

64K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/collections

2.0M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/include

122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test

4.0K         /root/server/mysql/README

20K /root/server/mysql/scripts

52K /root/server/mysql/share/spanish

52K /root/server/mysql/share/french

52K /root/server/mysql/share/romanian

56K /root/server/mysql/share/german

60K /root/server/mysql/share/ukrainian

64K /root/server/mysql/share/russian

48K /root/server/mysql/share/norwegian

52K /root/server/mysql/share/serbian

52K /root/server/mysql/share/czech

52K /root/server/mysql/share/hungarian

52K /root/server/mysql/share/portuguese

48K /root/server/mysql/share/english

236K /root/server/mysql/share/charsets

52K /root/server/mysql/share/italian

52K /root/server/mysql/share/polish

52K /root/server/mysql/share/slovak

12K /root/server/mysql/share/aclocal

56K /root/server/mysql/share/greek

52K /root/server/mysql/share/dutch

52K /root/server/mysql/share/danish

52K /root/server/mysql/share/swedish

52K /root/server/mysql/share/estonian

48K /root/server/mysql/share/norwegian-ny

52K /root/server/mysql/share/japanese

52K /root/server/mysql/share/korean

2.6M /root/server/mysql/share

1.1M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench/limits

1.2M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench/Data

2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench

8.0K         /root/server/mysql/support-files/solaris

108K /root/server/mysql/support-files

统计总数大小

root@AY14Z:~# du -sh /root/server

1.1G         /root/server

如果有一个进程在打开一个大文件的时候,这个大文件直接被rm或者mv掉,则du会更新统计数值,df不会更新统计数值,还是认为空间没有释放.直到这个打开大文件的进程被Kill掉.