Linux下解压和压缩命令

纯粹为了记一下，常用的几个命令。

命令格式：tar -zxvf 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】 -C  【路径】/

注释：解压.tar.gz格式到指定的目录下

例如：tar -zxvf japan.tar.gz -C /tmp/

命令格式：tar -jxvf 【压缩包文件名.tar.bz2】 -C  【路径】/

注释：解压.tar.bz2格式到指定的目录下

例如：tar -jxvf japan.tar.bz2 -C /tmp/

压缩.tar.gz格式到指定目录下

命令格式：tar -zcvf 【目录】/ 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】【源文件】

例如：tar -zcvf /tmp/test.tar.gz japan/

注意：一次压缩多个文件直接在源文件后用空格格开即可

压缩.tar.bz2格式到指定目录下

命令格式：tar -jcvf 【目录】/ 【压缩包文件名.tar.gz】【源文件】

例如：tar -jcvf /tmp/test.tar.bz2 japan/
注意：一次压缩多个文件直接在源文件后用空格格开即可

顺便把tar 的man信息贴出来

NAME

       tar - manual page for tar 1.23

SYNOPSIS

       tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

       GNU ‘tar’ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore individual files from the archive.

EXAMPLES

       tar -cf archive.tar foo bar

              # Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.

       tar -tvf archive.tar

              # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

       tar -xf archive.tar

              # Extract all files from archive.tar.

              Main operation mode:

       -A, --catenate, --concatenate

              append tar files to an archive

       -c, --create

              create a new archive

       -d, --diff, --compare

              find differences between archive and file system

       --delete

              delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

       -r, --append

              append files to the end of an archive

       -t, --list

              list the contents of an archive

       --test-label

              test the archive volume label and exit

       -u, --update

              only append files newer than copy in archive

       -x, --extract, --get

              extract files from an archive

       -C, --directory=DIR

              change to directory DIR

       -f, --file=ARCHIVE

              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       -j, --bzip2

              filter the archive through bzip2

       -J, --xz

              filter the archive through xz

       -p, --preserve-permissions

              extract  information  about  file permissions (default for superuser)

       -v, --verbose

              verbosely list files processed

       -z, --gzip

              filter the archive through gzip

Operation modifiers:

       --check-device

              check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)

       -g, --listed-incremental=FILE

              handle new GNU-format incremental backup

       -G, --incremental

              handle old GNU-format incremental backup

       --ignore-failed-read

              do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files

       --level=NUMBER

              dump level for created listed-incremental archive

       -n, --seek

              archive is seekable

       --no-check-device

              do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives

       --no-seek

              archive is not seekable

       --occurrence[=NUMBER]

              process  only  the  NUMBERth  occurrence of each file in the archive; this option is valid only in conjunction with one of the

              subcommands --delete, --diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on the command line or via  the  -T

              option; NUMBER defaults to 1

       --sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]

              set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)

       -S, --sparse

              handle sparse files efficiently
 

Overwrite control:

       -k, --keep-old-files

              don’t replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors

       --skip-old-files

              don’t replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them

       --keep-newer-files

              don’t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies

       --no-overwrite-dir

              preserve metadata of existing directories

       --overwrite

              overwrite existing files when extracting

       --overwrite-dir

              overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)

       --recursive-unlink

              empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

       --remove-files

              remove files after adding them to the archive

       -U, --unlink-first

              remove each file prior to extracting over it

       -W, --verify

              attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:

       --ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

       --no-ignore-command-error

              treat non-zero exit codes of children as error

       -O, --to-stdout

              extract files to standard output

       --to-command=COMMAND

              pipe extracted files to another program

              Handling of file attributes:

       --acls Save the ACLs to the archive

       --atime-preserve[=METHOD]

              preserve  access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times after reading (METHOD=’replace’; default) or by not set-

              ting the times in the first place (METHOD=’system’)

       --delay-directory-restore

              delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories until the end of extraction

       --group=NAME

              force NAME as group for added files

       --mode=CHANGES

              force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

       --mtime=DATE-OR-FILE

              set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

       -m, --touch

              don’t extract file modified time

       --no-acls

              Don’t extract the ACLs from the archive

       --no-delay-directory-restore

              cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option

       --no-same-owner

              extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)

       --no-same-permissions

              apply the user’s umask when extracting permissions from the archive (default for ordinary users)

       --no-selinux

              Don’t extract the SELinux context from the archive

       --no-xattrs

              Don’t extract the user/root xattrs from the archive

       --numeric-owner

              always use numbers for user/group names

       --owner=NAME

              force NAME as owner for added files

       -p, --preserve-permissions, --
4000
same-permissions

              extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)

       --preserve

              same as both -p and -s

       --same-owner

              try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive (default for superuser)

       -s, --preserve-order, --same-order

              sort names to extract to match archive

       --selinux

              Save the SELinux context to the archive

       --xattrs

              Save the user/root xattrs to the archive

Device selection and switching:

       -f, --file=ARCHIVE

              use archive file or device ARCHIVE

       --force-local

              archive file is local even if it has a colon

       -F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME

              run script at end of each tape (implies -M)

       -L, --tape-length=NUMBER

              change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes

       -M, --multi-volume

              create/list/extract multi-volume archive

       --rmt-command=COMMAND

              use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt

       --rsh-command=COMMAND

              use remote COMMAND instead of rsh

       --volno-file=FILE

              use/update the volume number in FILE

Device blocking:

       -b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS

              BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record

       -B, --read-full-records

              reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)

       -i, --ignore-zeros

              ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)

       --record-size=NUMBER

              NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512
 

Archive format selection:

       -H, --format=FORMAT

              create archive of the given format

              FORMAT is one of the following:

       gnu    GNU tar 1.13.x format

       oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12

       pax    POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format

       posix  same as pax

       ustar  POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format

       v7     old V7 tar format

       --old-archive, --portability

              same as --format=v7

       --pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...

              control pax keywords

       --posix

              same as --format=posix

       -V, --label=TEXT

              create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a globbing pattern for volume name
 

Compression options:

       -a, --auto-compress

              use archive suffix to determine the compression program

       -I, --use-compress-program=PROG

              filter through PROG (must accept -d)

       -j, --bzip2

              filter the archive through bzip2

       -J, --xz

              filter the archive through xz

       --lzip filter the archive through lzip

       --lzma filter the archive through lzma

       --lzop

       --no-auto-compress

              do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program

       -z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip

              filter the archive through gzip

       -Z, --compress, --uncompress

              filter the archive through compress

Local file selection:

       --add-file=FILE

              add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)

       --backup[=CONTROL]

              backup before removal, choose version CONTROL

       -C, --directory=DIR

              change to directory DIR

       --exclude=PATTERN

              exclude files, given as a PATTERN

       --exclude-backups

              exclude backup and lock files

       --exclude-caches

              exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the tag file itself

       --exclude-caches-all

              exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG

       --exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing

              CACHEDIR.TAG

       --exclude-tag=FILE

              exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself

       --exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE

       --exclude-tag-under=FILE

              exclude everything under directories containing FILE

       --exclude-vcs

              exclude version control system directories

       -h, --dereference

              follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to

       --hard-dereference

              follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to

       -K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME

              begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive

       --newer-mtime=DATE

              compare date and time when data changed only

       --no-null

              disable the effect of the previous --null option

       --no-recursion

              avoid descending automatically in directories

       --no-unquote

              do not unquote filenames read with -T

       --null                 -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C

       -N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE

              only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE

       --one-file-system

              stay in local file system when creating archive

       -P, --absolute-names

              don’t strip leading ‘/’s from file names

       --recursion

              recurse into directories (default)

       --suffix=STRING

              backup before removal, override usual suffix (’~’ unless overridden by environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)

       -T, --files-from=FILE

              get names to extract or create from FILE

       --unquote

              unquote filenames read with -T (default)

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE

              exclude patterns listed in FILE

File name transformations:

       --strip-components=NUMBER

              strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction

       --transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION

              use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names

              File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):

       --anchored

              patterns match file name start

       --ignore-case

              ignore case

       --no-anchored

              patterns match after any ‘/’ (default for exclusion)

       --no-ignore-case

              case sensitive matching (default)

       --no-wildcards

              verbatim string matching

       --no-wildcards-match-slash

              wildcards do not match ‘/’

       --wildcards

              use wildcards (default)

       --wildcards-match-slash

              wildcards match ‘/’ (default for exclusion)

Informative output:

       --checkpoint[=NUMBER]

              display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10)

       --checkpoint-action=ACTION

              execute ACTION on each checkpoint

       --index-file=FILE

              send verbose output to FILE

       -l, --check-links

              print a message if not all links are dumped

       --no-quote-chars=STRING

              disable quoting for characters from STRING

       --quote-chars=STRING

              additionally quote characters from STRING

       --quoting-style=STYLE

              set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values

       -R, --block-number

              show block number within archive with each message

       --show-defaults

              show tar defaults

       --show-omitted-dirs

              when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match search criteria

       --show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names

              show file or archive names after transformation

       --totals[=SIGNAL]

              print total bytes after processing the archive; with an argument - print total bytes when this SIGNAL  is  delivered;  Allowed

              signals are: SIGHUP, SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names without SIG prefix are also accepted

       --utc  print file modification dates in UTC

       -v, --verbose

              verbosely list files processed

       --warning=KEYWORD

              warning control

       -w, --interactive, --confirmation

              ask for confirmation for every action

       Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional for any corresponding short options.

       The  backup  suffix  is  ‘~’, unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.  The version control may be set with --backup or VER-

       SION_CONTROL, values are:

       none, off

              never make backups

       t, numbered

              make numbered backups

       nil, existing

              numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise

       never, simple

              always make simple backups

       Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:

              literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale

DEFAULTS

       *This* tar defaults to: --format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt --rsh-command=/usr/bin/rsh

AUTHOR

       Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.

REPORTING BUGS

       Report bugs to <bug-tar@gnu.org>.

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.

       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and tar programs are properly installed at your  site,

       the command