RHEL6 纯命令行界面下安装图形界面

在虚拟机下安装Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.1时，如果内存为512M或更小时，安装过程会提示内存太小，无法启用图形界面。这样，就只能是最小化安装。装好后，怎样安装桌面呢。

一、配置yum库

vmware下的虚拟光驱位于/dev/sr0，所以，向vmware加载RHEL6.1的镜像后，就可以配置yum库了

1.挂载镜像

[root@redhat ~]#  mkdir /media/rhel

[root@redhat ~]#  mount -o loop /dev/sr0 /media/rhel

 

2.使镜像能开机自动挂载

在/etc/fstab的最下面添加下面一句

[root@redhat ~]#  vi /etc/fstab

/dev/sr0                /media/rhel            iso9660       ro,loop         0 0

 

3.新建一个本地repo文件

紫色的部分可以不要添加，只要黑体那部分就行了。

[root@redhat ~]#  vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo

[Server]

name=Server

baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0
[HighAvailability]
name=HighAvailability
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/HighAvailability
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[LoadBalancer]
name=LoadBalancer
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/LoadBalancer
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0

 

二、安装桌面

 

1.检查软件组

查看一下桌面在哪个软件组里

[root@redhat ~]#  yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit

Setting up Group Process

HighAvailability/group_gz                                | 4.0 kB     00:00 ... 

LoadBalancer/group_gz                                    | 2.1 kB     00:00 ... 

Installed Groups:

   Additional Development

   Base

   Console internet tools

   Desktop

   Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools

   Dial-up Networking Support

   E-mail server

   FCoE Storage Client

   FTP server

   Fonts

   General Purpose Desktop

   Graphical Administration Tools

   Hardware monitoring utilities

   Input Methods

   Legacy UNIX compatibility

   Legacy X Window System compatibility

   NFS file server

   Network Infrastructure Server

   Network file system client

   Networking Tools

   Performance Tools

   Perl Support

   Remote Desktop Clients

   Security Tools

   Smart card support

   Storage Availability Tools

   System administration tools

   X Window System

   iSCSI Storage Client

Installed Language Groups:

   Arabic Support [ar]

   Armenian Support [hy]

   Assamese Support [as]

   Bengali Support [bn]

   Bhutanese Support [dz]

   Chinese Support [zh]

   Ethiopic Support [am]

   Georgian Support [ka]

   Gujarati Support [gu]

   Hebrew Support [he]

   Hindi Support [hi]

   Inuktitut Support [iu]

   Japanese Support [ja]

   Kannada Support [kn]

   Khmer Support [km]

   Konkani Support [kok]

   Korean Support [ko]

   Kurdish Support [ku]

   Lao Support [lo]

   Maithili Support [mai]

   Malayalam Support [ml]

   Marathi Support [mr]

   Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]

   Oriya Support [or]

   Punjabi Support [pa]

   Sinhala Support [si]

   Tajik Support [tg]

   Tamil Support [ta]

   Telugu Support [te]

   Thai Support    Urdu Support [ur]

   Venda Support [ve]

Available Groups:

   Backup Client

   Backup Server

   CIFS file server

   Client management tools

   Compatibility libraries

   Debugging Tools

   Desktop Platform

   Desktop Platform Development

   Development tools

   Directory Client

   Directory Server

   Eclipse

   Emacs

   Enterprise Identity Server Base

   Graphics Creation Tools

   High Availability

   High Availability Management

   Infiniband Support

   Internet Browser

   Java Platform

   KDE Desktop

   Large Systems Performance

   Load Balancer

   Mainframe Access

   Messaging Client Support

   MySQL Database client

   MySQL Database server

   Network Storage Server

   PHP Support

   PostgreSQL Database client

   PostgreSQL Database server

   Print Server

   Printing client

   SNMP Support

   Scientific support

   Server Platform

   Server Platform Development

   Somali Support

   System Management

   Systems Management Messaging Server support

   TeX support

   Technical Writing

   TurboGears application framework

   Virtualization

   Virtualization Client

   Virtualization Platform

   Virtualization Tools

   Web Server

   Web Servlet Engine

   Web-Based Enterprise Management

Available Language Groups:

   Afrikaans Support [af]

   Albanian Support [sq]

   Amazigh Support [ber]

   Azerbaijani Support [az]

   Basque Support [eu]

   Belarusian Support [be]

   Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]

   Breton Support [br]

   Bulgarian Support [bg]

   Catalan Support [ca]

   Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]

   Chichewa Support [ny]

   Coptic Support [cop]

   Croatian Support [hr]

   Czech Support [cs]

   Danish Support [da]

   Dutch Support [nl]

   English (UK) Support [en_GB]

   Esperanto Support [eo]

   Estonian Support [et]

   Faroese Support [fo]

   Fijian Support [fj]

   Filipino Support [fil]

   Finnish Support [fi]

   French Support [fr]

   Frisian Support [fy]

   Friulian Support [fur]

   Gaelic Support [gd]

   Galician Support [gl]

   German Support [de]

   Greek Support [el]

   Hiligaynon Support [hil]

   Hungarian Support [hu]

   Icelandic Support [is]

   Indonesian Support [id]

   Interlingua Support [ia]

   Irish Support [ga]

   Italian Support [it]

   Kashmiri Support [ks]

   Kashubian Support [csb]

   Kazakh Support [kk]

   Kinyarwanda Support [rw]

   Latin Support [la]

   Latvian Support [lv]

   Lithuanian Support [lt]

   Low Saxon Support [nds]

   Luxembourgish Support [lb]

   Macedonian Support [mk]

   Malagasy Support [mg]

   Malay Support [ms]

   Maltese Support [mt]

   Manx Support [gv]

   Maori Support [mi]

   Mongolian Support [mn]

   Nepali Support [ne]

   Northern Sotho Support [nso]

   Norwegian Support [nb]

   Occitan Support [oc]

   Persian Support [fa]

   Polish Support [pl]

   Portuguese Support [pt]

   Romanian Support [ro]

   Russian Support [ru]

   Sanskrit Support [sa]

   Sardinian Support [sc]

   Serbian Support [sr]

   Sindhi Support [sd]

   Slovak Support [sk]

   Slovenian Support [sl]

   Southern Ndebele Support [nr]

   Southern Sotho Support [st]

   Spanish Support [es]

   Swahili Support [sw]

   Swati Support [ss]

   Swedish Support [sv]

   Tagalog Support [tl]

   Tetum Support [tet]

   Tibetan Support [bo]

   Tsonga Support [ts]

   Tswana Support [tn]

   Turkish Support    Turkmen Support [tk]

   Ukrainian Support [uk]

   Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]

   Uzbek Support [uz]

   Vietnamese Support [vi]

   Walloon Support [wa]

   Welsh Support [cy]

   Xhosa Support [xh]

   Zulu Support [zu]

Done

2.安装桌面

桌面在软件组desktop中，这和rhel5不太一样，rhel5里面好像为gnome

那么就开始安装桌面吧，但之前必须先安装Xwindow软件组

[root@redhat ~]# yum groupinstall “X Window System”
[root@redhat ~]# yum groupinstall “Desktop”


3. 虽然到此就可以启动桌面了，但是linux建议不要让root用户直接登录图形界面

    所以，我们最好再创建一个普通用户

[root@redhat ~]#  useradd kevin
创建kevin的密码
[root@redhat ~]#  passwd kevin

4.启动X：

首先切换到普通用户

 [root@redhat ~]#  su - kevin

 [kevin@redhat ~] $ startx

5.更改启动模式

这时如果重启的话还是会直接进入命令界面，所以必须调整开机进入桌面还是命令界面

[root@redhat ~]#vim /etc/inittab
# System initialization is started by /etc/init/rcS.conf

#

# Individual runlevels are started by /etc/init/rc.conf

#

# Ctrl-Alt-Delete is handled by /etc/init/control-alt-delete.conf

#

# Terminal gettys are handled by /etc/init/tty.conf and /etc/init/serial.conf,

# with configuration in /etc/sysconfig/init.

#

# For information on how to write upstart event handlers, or how

# upstart works, see init(5), init(8), and initctl(8).

#

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:

#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

#   1 - Single user mode

#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)

#   3 - Full multiuser mode

#   4 - unused

#   5 - X11

#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)

# 
id:3:initdefault:
 将上面红字部分的  3改成5

 3为命令行界面   5为X window图形界面

5.删除redhat订阅：

rhel6.1新增了一个redhat订阅，没有用，可以删除

[root@redhat ~]# yum remove subscription*


6.安装桌面右键终端：
[root@redhat ~]# yum install nautilus-open-terminal