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Android 对程序异常崩溃的捕捉

2015-09-22 19:50 459 查看
以下为异常捕捉处理代码:

[java] view
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import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.io.StringWriter;

import java.io.Writer;

import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;



import android.content.Context;

import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;

import android.content.pm.PackageManager;

import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException;

import android.os.Build;

import android.os.Environment;

import android.os.Looper;

import android.util.Log;

import android.widget.Toast;



/**

* UncaughtException处理类,当程序发生Uncaught异常的时候,有该类来接管程序,并记录发送错误报告.

*

* 需要在Application中注册,为了要在程序启动器就监控整个程序。

*/

public class CrashHandler implements UncaughtExceptionHandler {



public static final String TAG = "CrashHandler";



//系统默认的UncaughtException处理类

private Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler mDefaultHandler;

//CrashHandler实例

private static CrashHandler instance;

//程序的Context对象

private Context mContext;

//用来存储设备信息和异常信息

private Map<String, String> infos = new HashMap<String, String>();



//用于格式化日期,作为日志文件名的一部分

private DateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss");



/** 保证只有一个CrashHandler实例 */

private CrashHandler() {}



/** 获取CrashHandler实例 ,单例模式 */

public static CrashHandler getInstance() {

if(instance == null)

instance = new CrashHandler();

return instance;

}



/**

* 初始化

*/

public void init(Context context) {

mContext = context;

//获取系统默认的UncaughtException处理器

mDefaultHandler = Thread.getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler();

//设置该CrashHandler为程序的默认处理器

Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(this);

}



/**

* 当UncaughtException发生时会转入该函数来处理

*/

@Override

public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable ex) {

if (!handleException(ex) && mDefaultHandler != null) {

//如果用户没有处理则让系统默认的异常处理器来处理

mDefaultHandler.uncaughtException(thread, ex);

} else {

try {

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "error : ", e);

}

//退出程序

android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid());

System.exit(1);

}

}



/**

* 自定义错误处理,收集错误信息 发送错误报告等操作均在此完成.

*

* @param ex

* @return true:如果处理了该异常信息;否则返回false.

*/

private boolean handleException(Throwable ex) {

if (ex == null) {

return false;

}

//收集设备参数信息

collectDeviceInfo(mContext);



//使用Toast来显示异常信息

new Thread() {

@Override

public void run() {

Looper.prepare();

Toast.makeText(mContext, "很抱歉,程序出现异常,即将退出.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

Looper.loop();

}

}.start();

//保存日志文件

saveCatchInfo2File(ex);

return true;

}



/**

* 收集设备参数信息

* @param ctx

*/

public void collectDeviceInfo(Context ctx) {

try {

PackageManager pm = ctx.getPackageManager();

PackageInfo pi = pm.getPackageInfo(ctx.getPackageName(), PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES);

if (pi != null) {

String versionName = pi.versionName == null ? "null" : pi.versionName;

String versionCode = pi.versionCode + "";

infos.put("versionName", versionName);

infos.put("versionCode", versionCode);

}

} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect package info", e);

}

Field[] fields = Build.class.getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

try {

field.setAccessible(true);

infos.put(field.getName(), field.get(null).toString());

Log.d(TAG, field.getName() + " : " + field.get(null));

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.e(TAG, "an error occured when collect crash info", e);

}

}

}



/**

* 保存错误信息到文件中

*

* @param ex

* @return 返回文件名称,便于将文件传送到服务器

*/

private String saveCatchInfo2File(Throwable ex) {



StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : infos.entrySet()) {

String key = entry.getKey();

String value = entry.getValue();

sb.append(key + "=" + value + "\n");

}



Writer writer = new StringWriter();

PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(writer);

ex.printStackTrace(printWriter);

Throwable cause = ex.getCause();

while (cause != null) {

cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);

cause = cause.getCause();

}

printWriter.close();

String result = writer.toString();

sb.append(result);

try {

long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();

String time = formatter.format(new Date());

String fileName = "crash-" + time + "-" + timestamp + ".log";

if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {

String path = "/mnt/sdcard/crash/";

File dir = new File(path);

if (!dir.exists()) {

dir.mkdirs();

}

FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path + fileName);

fos.write(sb.toString().getBytes());

//发送给开发人员

sendCrashLog2PM(path+fileName);

fos.close();

}

return fileName;

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.e(TAG, "an error occured while writing file...", e);

}

return null;

}



/**

* 将捕获的导致崩溃的错误信息发送给开发人员

*

* 目前只将log日志保存在sdcard 和输出到LogCat中,并未发送给后台。

*/

private void sendCrashLog2PM(String fileName){

if(!new File(fileName).exists()){

Toast.makeText(mContext, "日志文件不存在!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

return;

}

FileInputStream fis = null;

BufferedReader reader = null;

String s = null;

try {

fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);

reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "GBK"));

while(true){

s = reader.readLine();

if(s == null) break;

//由于目前尚未确定以何种方式发送,所以先打出log日志。

Log.i("info", s.toString());

}

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}finally{ // 关闭流

try {

reader.close();

fis.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

}

针对异常的捕捉要进行全局监控整个项目,所以要将其在Application中注册(也就是初始化):

[java] view
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import android.app.Application;



public class CrashApplication extends Application {



@Override

public void onCreate() {

super.onCreate();

CrashHandler catchHandler = CrashHandler.getInstance();

catchHandler.init(getApplicationContext());

}

}

现在模拟一个空指针异常:

[java] view
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import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;



public class CatchExceptionLogActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

private String s;

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

System.out.println(s.equals("hello")); // s没有进行赋值,所以会出现NullPointException异常

}

}

别忘了在配置文件中对Application进行注册:

[html] view
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

package="com.forms.catchlog"

android:versionCode="1"

android:versionName="1.0" >



<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>





<application

android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name"

<span style="color:#ff0000;">android:name=".CrashApplication"></span>

<activity

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:name=".CatchExceptionLogActivity" >

<intent-filter >

<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />



<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />

</intent-filter>

</activity>

</application>



</manifest>

添加异常捕获之后的日志提示

由于Android设备各异,第三方定制的Android系统也非常多,我们不可能对所有的设备场景都进行测试,因而开发一款完全无bug的应用几乎是不可能的任务,那么当应用在用户的设备上Force Close时,我们是不是可以捕获这个错误,记录用户的设备信息,然后让用户选择是否反馈这些堆栈信息,通过这种bug反馈方式,我们可以有针对性地对bug进行修复。

当我们的的应用由于运行时异常导致Force Close的时候,可以设置主线程的UncaughtExceptionHandler,实现捕获运行时异常的堆栈信息。同时用户可以把堆栈信息通过发送邮件的方式反馈给我们。下面是实现的代码:

代码下载请按此

例子:点击按钮后,会触发一个NullPointerException的运行时异常,这个例子实现了捕获运行时异常,发送邮件反馈设备和堆栈信息的功能。

界面1(触发运行时异常)



界面2(发送堆栈信息)




TestActivity.java

view plain

package com.zhuozhuo;



import java.io.PrintWriter;

import java.io.StringWriter;

import java.lang.Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler;



import android.app.Activity;

import android.content.Intent;

import android.net.Uri;

import android.os.Build;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.util.Log;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import android.widget.EditText;

import android.widget.TextView;



public class TestActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */





@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new UncaughtExceptionHandler() {//给主线程设置一个处理运行时异常的handler



@Override

public void uncaughtException(Thread thread, final Throwable ex) {



StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();

PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);

ex.printStackTrace(pw);



StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();



sb.append("Version code is ");

sb.append(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT + "\n");//设备的Android版本号

sb.append("Model is ");

sb.append(Build.MODEL+"\n");//设备型号

sb.append(sw.toString());



Intent sendIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO);

sendIntent.setData(Uri.parse("mailto:csdn@csdn.com"));//发送邮件异常到csdn@csdn.com邮箱

sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "bug report");//邮件主题

sendIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, sb.toString());//堆栈信息

startActivity(sendIntent);

finish();

}

});



findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {



@Override

public void onClick(View v) {

Integer a = null;

a.toString();//触发nullpointer运行时错误



}

});



}

}

main.xml

view plain

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent">

<TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" />

<EditText android:id="@+id/editText1" android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:text="点击按钮触发运行时异常" android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="top"></EditText>

<Button android:text="按钮" android:id="@+id/button"

android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"></Button>

</LinearLayout>
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