mongodb命令

MongoDb 命令

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查询所有数据库列表

CODE:

>
show dbs

如果想查看当前连接在哪个数据库下面，可以直接输入db

CODE:

>
db

Admin

想切换到test数据库下面

CODE:

>
use test

switched to db test

> db

Test

想查看test下有哪些表或者叫collection，可以输入

CODE:

>
show collections

system.indexes

user

想知道mongodb支持哪些命令，可以直接输入help

CODE:

>
help

HELP

show dbs                     show database names

show collections             show collections in current database

show users                   show users in current database

show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms

use <db name>                set curent database to <db name>

db.help()                    help on DB methods

db.foo.help()                help on collection methods

db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo

db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1

it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate

如果想知道当前数据库支持哪些方法：

CODE:

>
db.help();

DB methods:

db.addUser(username, password) 添加数据库授权用户

db.auth(username, password)                访问认证

db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) 克隆数据库

db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command

db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)  复制数据库

db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) 创建表

db.currentOp() displays the current operation in the db

db.dropDatabase()        删除当前数据库

db.eval_r(func, args) run code server-side

db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname

db.getCollectionNames()        获取当前数据库的表名

db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string

db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object

db.getMongo() get the server connection object

db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow this connection to read from the nonmaster member of a replica pair

db.getName()

db.getPrevError()

db.getProfilingLevel()

db.getReplicationInfo()

db.getSisterDB(name) get the db at the same server as this onew

db.killOp() kills the current operation in the db

db.printCollectionStats()   打印各表的状态信息

db.printReplicationInfo()        打印主数据库的复制状态信息

db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()        打印从数据库的复制状态信息

db.printShardingStatus()                打印分片状态信息

db.removeUser(username) 删除数据库用户

db.repairDatabase() 修复数据库

db.resetError()

db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command.  if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 }

db.setProfilingLevel(level) 0=off 1=slow 2=all

db.shutdownServer()

db.version() current version of the server

如果想知道当前数据库下的表或者表collection支持哪些方法，可以使用一下命令如：

CODE:

>
db.user.help();  user为表名

DBCollection help

db.foo.count()                统计表的行数

db.foo.dataSize()        统计表数据的大小

db.foo.distinct( key ) - eg. db.foo.distinct( 'x' )                按照给定的条件除重

db.foo.drop() drop the collection 删除表

db.foo.dropIndex(name)  删除指定索引

db.foo.dropIndexes() 删除所有索引

db.foo.ensureIndex(keypattern,options) - options should be an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups  增加索引

db.foo.find( [query] , [fields]) - first parameter is an optional query filter. second parameter is optional set of fields to return. 根据条件查找数据

-----------------------

通过条件查询： db.foo.find( { x : 77 } , { name : 1 , x : 1 } )

-----------------------------

db.foo.find(...).count()

db.foo.find(...).limit(n) 根据条件查找数据并返回指定记录数

db.foo.find(...).skip(n)

db.foo.find(...).sort(...) 查找排序

db.foo.findOne([query]) 根据条件查询只查询一条数据

db.foo.getDB() get DB object associated with collection  返回表所属的库

db.foo.getIndexes() 显示表的所有索引

db.foo.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } ) 根据条件分组

db.foo.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )

db.foo.remove(query) 根据条件删除数据

db.foo.renameCollection( newName ) renames the collection  重命名表

db.foo.save(obj) 保存数据

db.foo.stats()  查看表的状态

db.foo.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection 查询分配到表空间大小

db.foo.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes 查询所有索引的大小

db.foo.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes 查询表的总大小

db.foo.update(query, object[, upsert_bool]) 根据条件更新数据

db.foo.validate() - SLOW 验证表的详细信息

db.foo.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding

Mongodb的备份工具mongodump

如果想备份数据库test 如：

CODE:

[falcon@www.fwphp.cn  ~/mongodb/bin]$
./mongodump --help

options:

--help                   produce help message

-h [ --host ] arg        mongo host to connect to

-d [ --db ] arg          database to use

-c [ --collection ] arg  collection to use (some commands)

-u [ --username ] arg    username

-p [ --password ] arg    password

--dbpath arg             directly access mongod data files in this path,

instead of connecting to a mongod instance

-v [ --verbose ]         be more verbose (include multiple times for more

verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)

-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory

[falcon@www.fwphp.cn  ~/mongodb/bin]$ [color=Blue]./mongodump -d test -o test/[/color]

connected to: 127.0.0.1

DATABASE: test         to         test/test

test.user to test/test/user.bson

100000 objects

test.system.indexes to test/test/system.indexes.bson

1 objects

[falcon@www.fwphp.cn  ~/mongodb/bin]$ ls

2     mongo   mongodump    mongofiles   mongorestore  mongosniff

dump  mongod  mongoexport  mongoimport  mongos     test

MongoDB的数据恢复工具mongorestore

查看test库中的表

CODE:

>
show collections

system.indexes

User

删除user表

CODE:

>
db.user.drop();

True

> show collections

System.indexes

现在利用mongorestore表恢复刚才利用mongodump备份的数据

CODE:

[falcon@www.fwphp.cn  ~/mongodb/bin]$
./mongorestore --help

usage: ./mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from]

options:

--help                  produce help message

-h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to

-d [ --db ] arg         database to use

-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)

-u [ --username ] arg   username

-p [ --password ] arg   password

--dbpath arg            directly access mongod data files in this path,

instead of connecting to a mongod instance

-v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more

verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)

[falcon@www.fwphp.cn  ~/mongodb/bin]$ ./mongorestore -d test -c user test/test/user.bson

connected to: 127.0.0.1

test/test/user.bson

going into namespace [test.user]

100000 objects

User表中的10w条记录已经恢复

CODE:

>
show collections

system.indexes

user

> db.user.find();

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347000000"), "uid" : 1, "username" : "Falcon.C-1" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347010000"), "uid" : 2, "username" : "Falcon.C-2" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347020000"), "uid" : 3, "username" : "Falcon.C-3" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347030000"), "uid" : 4, "username" : "Falcon.C-4" }

{ "_id" : ObjectId("4b9c8db08ead0e3347040000"), "uid" : 5, "username" : "Falcon.C-5" }

.................

has more

1. 超级用户相关：

#增加或修改用户密码

db.addUser('admin','pwd')

#查看用户列表

db.system.users.find()

#用户认证

db.auth('admin','pwd')

#删除用户

db.removeUser('mongodb')

#查看所有用户

show users

#查看所有数据库

show dbs

#查看所有的collection

show collections

#查看各collection的状态

db.printCollectionStats()

#查看主从复制状态

db.printReplicationInfo()

#修复数据库

db.repairDatabase()

#设置记录profiling，0=off 1=slow 2=all

db.setProfilingLevel(1)

#查看profiling

show profile

#拷贝数据库

db.copyDatabase('mail_addr','mail_addr_tmp')

#删除collection

db.mail_addr.drop()

#删除当前的数据库

db.dropDatabase()

2. 客户端连接

/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo user_addr -u user -p 'pwd'

3. 增删改

#存储嵌套的对象

db.foo.save({'name':'ysz','address':{'city':'beijing','post':100096},'phone':[138,139]})

#存储数组对象

db.user_addr.save({'Uid':'yushunzhi@sohu.com','Al':['test-1@sohu.com','test-2@sohu.com']})

#根据query条件修改，如果不存在则插入，允许修改多条记录

db.foo.update({'yy':5},{'$set':{'xx':2}},upsert=true,multi=true)

#删除yy=5的记录

db.foo.remove({'yy':5})

#删除所有的记录

db.foo.remove()

4. 索引

增加索引：1(ascending),-1(descending)

db.things.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true});

#索引子对象

db.user_addr.ensureIndex({'Al.Em': 1})

#查看索引信息

db.deliver_status.getIndexes()

db.deliver_status.getIndexKeys()

#根据索引名删除索引

db.user_addr.dropIndex('Al.Em_1')

5. 查询

查找所有

db.foo.find()

#查找一条记录

db.foo.findOne()

#根据条件检索10条记录

db.foo.find({'msg':'Hello 1'}).limit(10)

#sort排序

db.deliver_status.find({'From':'yushunzhi@sohu.com'}).sort({'Dt',-1})

db.deliver_status.find().sort({'Ct':-1}).limit(1)

#count操作

db.user_addr.count()

#distinct操作

db.foo.distinct('msg')

#>操作

db.foo.find({"timestamp": {"$gte" : 2}})

#子对象的查找

db.foo.find({'address.city':'beijing'})

6. 管理

查看collection数据的大小

db.deliver_status.dataSize()

#查看colleciont状态

db.deliver_status.stats()

#查询所有索引的大小

db.deliver_status.totalIndexSize()