Hive-1.2.0学习笔记（一）安装配置

鲁春利的工作笔记，好记性不如烂笔头

下载hive：http://hive.apache.org/index.html

Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，提供了SQL查询功能，能够将SQL语句解析成MapReduce任务对存储在HDFS上的数据进行处理。

MySQ安装
Hive有三种运行模式：
1.内嵌模式：默认情况下，Hive元数据保存在内嵌的 Derby 数据库中，只能允许一个会话连接，只适合简单的测试；
2.本地模式：将元数据库保存在本地的独立数据库中(比如说MySQL)，能够支持多会话和多用户连接;
3.远程模式：如果我们的Hive客户端比较多，在每个客户端都安装MySQL服务还是会造成一定的冗余和浪费，这种情况下，就可以更进一步，将MySQL也独立出来，将元数据保存在远端独立的MySQL服务中。

1、内嵌模式

通过上述方式直接运行，不做其他任何配置将会作为内嵌模式运行，Hive的元数据（metadata）信息存储在Derby数据库中（元数据是指的其他数据的描述信息，如MySQL的information_schema库）。

使用Derby存储元数据问题见：/article/4522514.html

查看hive-default.xml文件

<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:derby:;databaseName=metastore_db;create=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>APP</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>mine</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
</configuration>

说明：Derby实际上也有network模式，但在实际的项目中MySQL应用较多，因此采用本地模式时基于MySQL数据库。

2、MySQL安装
MySQL5.6.17版本

[root@nnode lucl]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

由于版本冲突，卸载之前的MySQL5.1.71版本

[root@nnodelucl]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.71*

再次安装MySQL就可以了。

[root@nnode lucl]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@nnode lucl]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.17-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

说明：通过RPM命令安装完MySQ后，会在密码文件生成随机密码。




安装后的目录说明：

目录	功能	备注
/usr/bin	Client programs and scripts
/usr/sbin	The mysqld server
/var/lib/mysql	数据文件
/usr/my.cnf	配置文件

4、验证安装

[root@nnode lucl]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@nnode lucl]# service mysql status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (4564)
[root@nnode lucl]# cat /root/.mysql_secret
# The random password set for the root user at Tue Jan 19 15:20:09 2016 (local time):
IhuKPeHDw5Ro0tW5

[root@nnode lucl]# mysql -uroot -pIhuKPeHDw5Ro0tW5
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.17

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> set password=password("root");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@nnode lucl]# mysql -uroot -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@nnode lucl]#

5、修改配置文件my.cnf
说明：不是必须的，可以采用默认配置。

[mysql]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
server-id=117
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2

port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

slave-skip-errors=all
lower_case_table_names=1

max_connections=300

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2
innodb_file_per_table=1

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

说明：实际上通过service mysql start命令也是通过调用mysqld_safe来启动的mysql服务，并且在启动的时候默认指定了用户mysql，因此需要设定log目录log-bin所属用户和组为mysql:mysql。

[root@nnode mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql log-bin/

6、启用远程访问

[root@nnode mysql]# mysql -uroot -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.17-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select host, user, password, password_expired from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  | password_expired |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| localhost | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | N                |
| nnode     | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
| ::1       | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 说明：host表名了可以连接到该server的主机，如果为%则表示可以从任意主机连接。

mysql> CREATE USER 'lucl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'lucl';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO lucl@'%';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO lucl@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host, user, password, password_expired from user;
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| host      | user | password                                  | password_expired |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
| localhost | root | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | N                |
| nnode     | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
| ::1       | root | *6368C544225CD5B1670ACC7C0BFE1974F4221C85 | Y                |
| %         | lucl | *A5DC323CE3368879D65443454066316A01521C95 | N                |
+-----------+------+-------------------------------------------+------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

至此，MySQL安装配置完成。

7、准备Hive用户
在MySQL为Hive创建一个库，并新建Hive连接MySQL时的用户。

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ mysql -uroot -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database hive;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE USER 'hive'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'hive';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hive';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON hive.* TO hive@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON hive.* TO hive@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[hadoop@nnode conf]$

查看新创建的hive用户的权限

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ mysql -uhive -phive
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.6.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show grants for hive@localhost;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for hive@localhost                                                                                   |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'hive'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4DF1D66463C18D44E3B001A8FB1BBFBEA13E27FC' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `hive`.* TO 'hive'@'localhost'                                                      |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for hive@'%';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for hive@%                                                                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*4DF1D66463C18D44E3B001A8FB1BBFBEA13E27FC' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `hive`.* TO 'hive'@'%'                                                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>
mysql> exit;
Bye
[hadoop@nnode conf]$

Hive环境配置

1、解压

[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ tar -xzv -f apache-hive-1.2.0-bin.tar.gz
# 重命名
[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ mv apache-hive-1.2.0-bin/ hive-1.2.0

2、配置Hive环境变量

[hadoop@nnode ~]$ vim .bash_profile

# Hive
export HIVE_HOME=/lucl/hive-1.2.0
export PATH=$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH

3、配置hive-env.sh

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ cp hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ vim hive-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/lucl/jdk1.7.0_80
export HADOOP_HOME=/lucl/hadoop-2.6.0
export HIVE_HOME=/lucl/hive-1.2.0
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/lucl/hive-1.2.0/conf

4、配置hive-site.xml

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ cp hive-default.xml.template hive-site.xml
[hadoop@nnode conf]$ cat hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<!-- WARNING!!! This file is auto generated for documentation purposes ONLY! -->
<!-- WARNING!!! Any changes you make to this file will be ignored by Hive.   -->
<!-- WARNING!!! You must make your changes in hive-site.xml instead.         -->
<!-- Hive Execution Parameters -->
<!-- 空 -->
</configuration>
[hadoop@nnode conf]$

配置hive-site.xml

<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://nnode:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>hive</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
</configuration>

5、拷贝MySQL的jar到Hive的lib目录下

[hadoop@nnode conf]$ cp /mnt/hgfs/Share/mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/

6、执行bin/hive

[hadoop@nnode hive-1.2.0]$ bin/hive

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/local/hive1.2.0/lib/hive-common-1.2.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported
java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected
at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101)
at jline.TerminalFactory.get(TerminalFactory.java:158)
at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:229)
at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221)
at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.setupConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:787)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:721)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

错误原因
Hive has upgraded to Jline2 but jline 0.94 exists in the Hadoop lib.

解决方式
将hive安装目录lib/jline-2.12.jar拷贝到hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/目录下。

[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ ll hive-1.2.0/lib/|grep  jline
-rw-rw-r--  1 hadoop hadoop   213854 4月  30 2015 jline-2.12.jar

[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ ll hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/|grep jline
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop   87325 11月 14 2014 jline-0.9.94.jar

[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ mv hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/jline-0.9.94.jar.backup
[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ cp hive-1.2.0/lib/jline-2.12.jar hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/
[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ ll hadoop-2.6.0/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/|grep jline
-rw-r--r-- 1 hadoop hadoop   87325 11月 14 2014 jline-0.9.94.jar.backup
-rw-rw-r-- 1 hadoop

再次执行

[hadoop@nnode lucl]$ hive-1.2.0/bin/hive

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/local/hive1.2.0/lib/hive-common-1.2.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> exit;
[hadoop@nnode lucl]$

能够正确进入到hive的命令行，此时去查看MySQL的hive数据库，看都生成了那些表来存储元数据

[root@nnode ~]# mysql -uhive -phive
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 25
Server version: 5.6.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> use hive;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_hive            |
+---------------------------+
| bucketing_cols            |
| cds                       |
| columns_v2                |
| database_params           |
| dbs                       |
| func_ru                   |
| funcs                     |
| global_privs              |
| part_col_stats            |
| partition_key_vals        |
| partition_keys            |
| partition_params          |
| partitions                |
| roles                     |
| sd_params                 |
| sds                       |
| sequence_table            |
| serde_params              |
| serdes                    |
| skewed_col_names          |
| skewed_col_value_loc_map  |
| skewed_string_list        |
| skewed_string_list_values |
| skewed_values             |
| sort_cols                 |
| tab_col_stats             |
| table_params              |
| tbls                      |
| version                   |
+---------------------------+
29 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from dbs;
+-------+-----------------------+------------------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
| DB_ID | DESC                  | DB_LOCATION_URI                    | NAME    | OWNER_NAME | OWNER_TYPE |
+-------+-----------------------+------------------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
|     1 | Default Hive database | hdfs://cluster/user/hive/warehouse | default | public     | ROLE       |
+-------+-----------------------+------------------------------------+---------+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from tbls;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from version;
+--------+----------------+-----------------------------------------+
| VER_ID | SCHEMA_VERSION | VERSION_COMMENT                         |
+--------+----------------+-----------------------------------------+
|      1 | 1.2.0          | Set by MetaStore hadoop@192.168.137.117 |
+--------+----------------+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@nnode ~]#

通过dbs表能够看到实际上Hive对应的数据存储目录是我的hdfs集群

[hadoop@nnode local]$ hdfs dfs -ls -R hdfs://cluster/user/hive
ls: `hdfs://cluster/user/hive': No such file or directory
[hadoop@nnode local]$

简单SQL语句操作

[hadoop@nnode local]$ hive1.2.0/bin/hive

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/local/hive1.2.0/lib/hive-common-1.2.0.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
hive> create table student(sno int, sname varchar(50));
OK
Time taken: 4.054 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
student
Time taken: 0.772 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

# insert操作竟然是MapReduce
hive> insert into student(sno, sname) values(100, 'zhangsan');
Query ID = hadoop_20151203234553_5f722629-2322-486b-97f2-f5b803e950ee
Total jobs = 3
Launching Job 1 out of 3
Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator
Starting Job = job_1449147095699_0001, Tracking URL = http://nnode:8088/proxy/application_1449147095699_0001/ Kill Command = /usr/local/hadoop2.6.0/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1449147095699_0001
Hadoop job information for Stage-1: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0
2015-12-03 23:47:07,405 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2015-12-03 23:48:07,554 Stage-1 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2015-12-03 23:48:51,645 Stage-1 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 5.01 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 5 seconds 10 msec
Ended Job = job_1449147095699_0001
Stage-4 is selected by condition resolver.
Stage-3 is filtered out by condition resolver.
Stage-5 is filtered out by condition resolver.
Moving data to: hdfs://cluster/user/hive/warehouse/student/.hive-staging_hive_2015-12-03_23-45-53_234_4559428877079063192-1/-ext-10000
Loading data to table default.student
Table default.student stats: [numFiles=1, numRows=1, totalSize=13, rawDataSize=12]
MapReduce Jobs Launched:
Stage-Stage-1: Map: 1   Cumulative CPU: 5.63 sec   HDFS Read: 3697 HDFS Write: 84 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 5 seconds 630 msec
OK
Time taken: 183.786 seconds

# 查询数据
hive> select * from student;
OK
100     zhangsan
Time taken: 0.192 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select sno from student;
OK
100
Time taken: 0.186 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> exit;
[hadoop@nnode local]$

查看HDFS

# 查看目录
[hadoop@nnode local]$ hdfs dfs -ls -R /user/hive/
drwxrw-rw-   - hadoop hadoop          0 2015-12-03 23:42 /user/hive/warehouse
drwxrw-rw-   - hadoop hadoop          0 2015-12-03 23:48 /user/hive/warehouse/student
-rwxrw-rw-   2 hadoop hadoop         13 2015-12-03 23:48 /user/hive/warehouse/student/000000_0

# 查看文件
[hadoop@nnode local]$ hdfs dfs -text /user/hive/warehouse/student/000000_0
100zhangsan
[hadoop@nnode local]$

通过MySQL确认元数据

# 查询表信息
mysql> SELECT tbl_id, tbl_name, tbl_type, create_time, db_id, owner, sd_id from tbls;
+--------+----------+---------------+-------------+-------+--------+-------+
| tbl_id | tbl_name | tbl_type      | create_time | db_id | owner  | sd_id |
+--------+----------+---------------+-------------+-------+--------+-------+
|      1 | student  | MANAGED_TABLE |  1449157379 |     1 | hadoop |     1 |
+--------+----------+---------------+-------------+-------+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# 查询存储信息
mysql> SELECT sd_id, input_format, output_format, location from sds;
+-------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
| sd_id | input_format                             | output_format                                              | location                                   |
+-------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
|     1 | org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat | org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat | hdfs://cluster/user/hive/warehouse/student |
+-------+------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

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