利用Python通过telnet、ssh连接交换机、路由器等设备配置备份 第2版（粗略版）

数据库设计：（主要存储设备信息如IP等）



























TFTP服务器准备：



备份连接设备备份配置的代码：

import sys
import telnetlib
import time
import pymysql
import os
import shutil
import logging
import paramiko

def sqlconnect():
cur_host = conn.cursor()
sql_host = "select host_name,host_ip,area_id,host_model_id,host_protocol from hosts"
n_host = cur_host.execute(sql_host)
for row_host in cur_host.fetchall():
host_name = row_host[0]
host_ip = row_host[1]
host_area = row_host[2]
host_model_id = row_host[3]
host_protocol = row_host[4]
if host_protocol == 1:
backup_telnet(host_name, host_ip, host_area, host_model_id)
elif host_protocol == 2:
backup_ssh(host_name, host_ip, host_area, host_model_id)

def backup_telnet(b_name, b_ip, b_area, b_model):
if 2 <= b_model <= 3 or b_model == 5 or b_model == 47:
backup_telnet_h3_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model == 4 or 7 <= b_model <= 8:
backup_telnet_h3_2(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif 10 <= b_model <= 14 or b_model == 17 or 48 <= b_model <=50:
backup_telnet_hw_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model == 6 or 15 <= b_model <= 16:
backup_telnet_hw_2(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif 19 <= b_model <= 38 or 40 <= b_model <= 44 or b_model == 46:
backup_telnet_rg_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model == 18:
backup_telnet_rg_2(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model == 39:
backup_telnet_rg_3(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model == 1:
backup_telnet_jp_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model ==9 :
backup_telnet_at_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
else:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")

def backup_ssh(b_name, b_ip, b_area, b_model):
if 2 <= b_model <= 3 or b_model == 5 or b_model == 47:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif b_model == 4 or 7 <= b_model <= 8:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif 10 <= b_model <= 14 or b_model == 17 or 48 <= b_model <=50:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif b_model == 6 or 15 <= b_model <= 16:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif 19 <= b_model <= 38 or 40 <= b_model <= 44 or b_model == 46:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif b_model == 18:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif b_model == 39:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
elif b_model == 1:
backup_ssh_jp_1(b_name, b_ip, b_area)
elif b_model ==9 :
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")
else:
logging.warning(b_name + "(" + b_ip + ") 暂不支持该设备！")

def backup_telnet_jp_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['configure'] = b"configure"
host['show_config'] =  b"show | display set"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"login:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['configure']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"#", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['show_config']+b"\n                                ")
time.sleep(6)
read_show = tn.read_very_eager()
if str(read_show).index("[edit]")>0:
read_file_temp = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','wb')
read_file_temp.write(read_show)
read_file_temp.close()
replace_1 = b"---(more)---"
read_file_input = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','rb')
read_file_output = open(tftp_dir + 'config.txt','wb')
for read_line in read_file_input:
read_file_output.write((read_line.replace(replace_1, b"").lstrip()))
read_file_input.close()
os.remove(tftp_dir + "config-tmp.txt")
read_file_output.close()
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份 show | display set ！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except ValueError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ValueError: substring not found 备份失败，可能是由于密码错误导致。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_ssh_jp_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['cmd'] = b"configure;show | display set"
try:
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(host['ip'], 22, host['user'], host['password'], timeout=3)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(host['cmd'])
read_show = stdout.read()
ssh.close()
if str(read_show).index("host-name")>0:
read_file_temp = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','wb')
read_file_temp.write(read_show)
read_file_temp.close()
replace_1 = b"---(more)---"
read_file_input = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','rb')
read_file_output = open(tftp_dir + 'config.txt','wb')
for read_line in read_file_input:
read_file_output.write((read_line.replace(replace_1, b"").lstrip()))
read_file_input.close()
os.remove(tftp_dir + "config-tmp.txt")
read_file_output.close()
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份 show | display set ！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except ValueError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ValueError: substring not found 备份失败，可能是由于密码错误导致。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_at_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['show_config'] =  b"show config dynamic"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"login:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['show_config']+b"\n                                ")
time.sleep(6)
read_show = tn.read_very_eager()
if str(read_show).index(">")>0:
read_file_temp = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','wb')
read_file_temp.write(read_show)
read_file_temp.close()
replace_1 = b"---(more)---"
read_file_input = open(tftp_dir + 'config-tmp.txt','rb')
read_file_output = open(tftp_dir + 'config.txt','wb')
for read_line in read_file_input:
read_file_output.write((read_line.replace(replace_1, b"").lstrip()))
read_file_input.close()
os.remove(tftp_dir + "config-tmp.txt")
read_file_output.close()
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份 show | display set ！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except ValueError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ValueError: substring not found 备份失败，可能是由于密码错误导致。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_h3_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"tftp <TFTP服务器IP> put startup.cfg config.txt"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"successfully", timeout=6)
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份startup.cfg！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_h3_2(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"tftp <TFTP服务器IP> put config.cfg config.txt"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"successfully", timeout=6)
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份config.cfg！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_hw_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"tftp <TFTP服务器IP> put vrpcfg.zip config.zip"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"successfully", timeout=6)
movefile_zip(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份config.txt！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_hw_2(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"tftp <TFTP服务器IP> put vrpcfg.cfg config.txt"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b">", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"successfully", timeout=6)
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份vrpcfg.cfg！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_rg_1(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"copy flash:config.text tftp://<TFTP服务器IP>/config.txt"
host['config'] = b"configure terminal"
host['user_config'] = b"no username heqijun"
host['exit'] = b"exit"
host['wr'] = b"wr"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"#", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"length", timeout=6)
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份config.txt！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def backup_telnet_rg_2(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"copy flash:ap-config.text tftp://<TFTP服务器IP>/ap-config.txt"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"#", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"length", timeout=6)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份ap-config.txt！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")
backup_telnet_rg_1(name, ip, area)

def backup_telnet_rg_3(name, ip, area):
host = {}
host['name'] = name.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['ip'] = ip.encode(encoding="utf-8")
host['user'] = b"用户名"
host['password'] = b"密码"
host['tftp'] = b"copy flash:config.text tftp://<TFTP服务器IP>/config.txt"
try:
tn = telnetlib.Telnet(host['ip'])
tn.set_debuglevel(2)
tn.read_until(b"Username:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['user']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"Password:", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['password']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"#", timeout=2)
tn.write(host['tftp']+b"\n")
tn.read_until(b"length", timeout=6)
movefile_txt(name, ip, area)
except TimeoutError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") TimeoutError: [WinError 10060] 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。")
except FileNotFoundError:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") FileNotFoundError: 未成功备份config.txt！")
except ConnectionResetError:
logging.warning(name + "(" + ip + ") ConnectionResetError: [WinError 10054] 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。")
except:
logging.error(name + "(" + ip + ") 发生未知错误！")

def movefile_zip(file_name, file_ip, file_area):
cur_file_area = conn.cursor()
sql_file_area = "select area_name_cn from areas where area_id=" + str(file_area)
n_file_area = cur_file_area.execute(sql_file_area)
for row_area in cur_file_area.fetchall():
file_area_name = row_area[0]
move_dir = backup_dir + file_area_name + "\\" + file_year + "\\" + file_mon + "\\" + file_mday
if not os.path.isdir(move_dir):
os.makedirs(move_dir)
shutil.move(tftp_dir + "config.zip", move_dir + "\\" + file_name  + "(" + file_ip + ")_" + file_time + ".zip")
logging.info(file_name + "(" + file_ip + "): *.zip 配置备份成功!")
def movefile_txt(file_name, file_ip, file_area):
cur_file_area = conn.cursor()
sql_file_area = "select area_name_cn from areas where area_id=" + str(file_area)
n_file_area = cur_file_area.execute(sql_file_area)
for row_area in cur_file_area.fetchall():
file_area_name = row_area[0]
move_dir = backup_dir + file_area_name + "\\" + file_year + "\\" + file_mon + "\\" + file_mday
if not os.path.isdir(move_dir):
os.makedirs(move_dir)
shutil.move(tftp_dir + "config.txt", move_dir + "\\" + file_name  + "(" + file_ip + ")_" + file_time + ".txt")
logging.info(file_name + "(" + file_ip + "): *.txt 配置备份成功!")
try:
shutil.move(tftp_dir + "ap-config.txt", move_dir + "\\" + file_name  + "(" + file_ip + ")_AP_" + file_time + ".txt")
logging.info(file_name + "(" + file_ip + "): ap-config.text 配置备份成功!")
except:
print()

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='数据库用户名', passwd='数据库密码', db='devices', charset='utf8')
file_year = time.strftime("%Y", time.localtime())
file_mon = time.strftime("%m", time.localtime())
file_mday = time.strftime("%d", time.localtime())
file_time = time.strftime("%Y%m%d", time.localtime())
backup_dir = os.getcwd() + "\\备份路径\\"
tftp_dir = os.getcwd() + "\\TFTP\\Root\\"
logging_dir = os.getcwd() + "\\备份路径\\备份程序执行日志"
logging_name = "log_" + file_time + ".txt"
if not os.path.isdir(logging_dir):
os.makedirs(logging_dir)
logging.basicConfig(filename = os.path.join(logging_dir, logging_name), level = logging.INFO, filemode = "a", format = "%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s: %(message)s")
#logging.debug("debug")
#logging.info("info")
#logging.warning("warn")
#logging.error("error")
sqlconnect()
logging.shutdown()

转载请注明原文链接：http://my.oschina.net/caiyuanbo/blog/501358
暂时没时间添加注解及详细解释说明，代码比较简单，可能有些纰漏，如果有问题可以跟我一起研究。
PS：其实是人懒不想注释&优化。
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E-mail：384152164@qq.com