CentOS下Git服务器搭建与客户端（windows和centos）搭建

一.服务器端

1.yum安装Git服务器

yum install -y git

2.创建一个git用户，用来运行git服务

useradd git

3.创建客户端登录证书
注，收集所有需要登录的用户的公钥，就是他们自己生成的id_rsa.pub文件，把所有公钥复制到/home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys文件里，一行一个。

ssh-keygen -t rsa

注意不能忘记私钥的密码。默认会生成~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub公钥文件。

cd /home/git

mkdir .ssh

cp -a ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

chmod 755 /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys

4.初始化Git仓库

mkdir -p /home/data/git

cd /home/data/git

git init --bare project.git

执行以上命令 Git命令，会创建一个裸仓库，会生成branches config description HEAD hooks index info objects refs文件和目录。裸仓库没有工作区，因为服务器上的Git仓库纯粹是为了共享，所以不让用户直接登录到服务器上去改工作区，并且服务器上的Git仓库通常都以.git结尾。然后，把owner改为git

chown -R git:git project.git

5.禁用shell登录

注，出于安全考虑，第二步创建的git用户不允许登录shell，这可以通过编辑/etc/passwd文件完成。找到类似下面的一行：

cat /etc/passwd | grep git

git:x:1002:1002::/home/git:/bin/bash

vim /etc/passwd

git:x:1002:1002::/home/git:/usr/bin/git-shell

这样，git用户可以正常通过ssh使用git，但无法登录shell，因为我们为git用户指定的git-shell每次一登录就自动退出。

6.克隆远程仓库

注，现在可以通过git clone命令克隆远程仓库了，在各自的电脑上运行：

客户端生成id_rsa.pub文件的命令

ssh-keygen -t rsa



注，$ git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/home/data/git/project.git，其中git用户名，git.jjhh.com服务器，/home/data/git/prgject.git是仓库路径。好了，到这里服务器的搭建到这里就完成了，下面我们来安装一下客户端。

二、客户端

1.Windows 客户端

1).下载客户端

注，大家到这里下载http://msysgit.github.io/。下面简单演示一下安装过程，比较简单：











好了，到这里就安装完成了，安装好以后会在桌面上有个图标，你双击打开即可。如下图：



2.Linux 客户端
注，Linux客户端安装就比较简单了，直接用yum安装一下就好！

[root@test ~]# yum install -y gi

到这里git就安装完成了，下面我们查看一下版本：

[root@test ~]# git --version
git version 1.8.2.

下面我们生成公钥并复制到服务器上：

[root@test ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
48:3c:22:76:02:f1:a2:e5:27:22:cb:4f:a7:a0:98:9d root@test.com
[root@test ~]# cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ==
root@test.com

下面我们复制id_rsa.pub里的公钥到服务器的authorized_keys文件中。

[root@git ~]# su git
bash-3.2$ cd
bash-3.2$ vim .ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwMU4FKB6NRc3XSoIunWsdvVVuSoncbVb5Al6lB3ciswBVd++YmJFhqwkITNGccrO5sycROs9+Fbjgd6oBSzNuaBtCIbwNNsEyM/henTl2euI3XsnJQ/ITr6c/q0P3WoGl4E2QFQ2kZqs+1eDC0CgHcBrqvFv1Jr414sVYK9lfZwIF+jDdtaBOrSJuq1Agx9pGUFUEB4tQfkXxsWm/MvOmKAVvduKDE1eenUEL9zzyeELPcSXLe3NOoTjZhkX6EEXxQR1ZiZRFywLpfM4qopZ10to2KIUyVtzw6hx6V3cg7kn40lYVW0EAMATw9dVldwcRUI+kJzJSKUTKDVSwY3/+Q==
root@CHENMINGQIAN
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAsmmJuR+KhRSpdSirCiL30RA8WbfgicY1z7itWVnKHJW6hTuJFhzruY59FilVjJR1hbQBluP9JnK3XPSK9PSg+bwiJ2iQRa39rXck35r+trVOLyNbPyfKVRfOemD8YuykMlyr5JeW8gZjsHEuLnJ8//RiCiYzd3RT/SSUQ4yawDoIIWkz3eUSL09xoCRZFBsAp+S/LD3vx2MN+FNOHwvqcE+yK3oRNIqjWwLoKE0e5TRnqNgrPQ95PJYB3XPUulzaeMwsWPZs7jIUMl/5yEqSgAkioa8SVMOsikYJG/erv99NNVgFmpCBIiWqKEGkNrIpYzLLHDSYQ4g5Gbci/RZ54Q==
Administrator@WIN2003X323
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA6NwUHeNNi+PC6KlrcJrXXDmKxRMmgHIPp79sgX6zqfdSlmNj7rBPQeyEKS9Wg8yI6jd8aG2jsUx99Vjti2VK2vEXKkRHxwID7ri69gE71RfDtv6ekafnzLo14J8hAp0spMk+N3wEAQRYDmcYo1wmnm/jMBedGrHj4NJQ1vYy1hVtJasGMSzjcMrlz9qvaluWnQ5tQjKFQVVwKsRRRzs8qTvzVhLJt4NQ+CAN45tqfsRuf58Uba9QNK7/6xSUiIKXQiILz8PMGJ3MnlV+eN3wx2aeztdevxu9plggtG05SMmd8GNVzXrN1IaxXSvz0UwjQ2kygu7aCqO8AZWH49rouw==
leo@LEO-PC
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAwrmgNAca77BKzXl6BP11fdaclAoWfW+x4kPDZMPj1zFoML9JfOAS7DGY9quLMitwwfg5+U7zP/egPmAhSKCECubmodzMucnRSkJGgKCt1SlctRNDRN3OIvrecAtdZfDcBaWKLjaVzGPmhweLhr6HzfqeZU09Ccis4yK3RMwip2f+K1ZZVIOKUmL4AVFl9dqtxnQ4HlW61PUxvM/ug2M68Z0jQk5DVG8w5+dvGqX1qr5YABD1NX5Jz6aUbVVx7yyoORENxu6SK83GI/V7eOkrvBMDh9nDdwvDhPhuhBDSfE+Xi92hPJPKdNroF1vx8HMvpHME20MmjSwavPrz+B18MQ==
root@test.com

下面我们clone一个仓库到本地的目录中。

[root@test ~]# cd /data/dev
[root@test dev]# git clone git@git.jjhh.com:/data/git/project.git
Cloning into 'project'...
The authenticity of host 'git.jjhh.com (114.112.173.150)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is ca:ec:a2:7e:e6:89:ca:19:d3:93:7f:4b:c3:c0:c7:fd.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'git.jjhh.com,114.112.173.150' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
remote: Counting objects: 50, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (42/42), done.
remote: Total 50 (delta 21), reused 0 (delta 0)
Receiving objects: 100% (50/50), 4.02 KiB, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (21/21), done.
[root@test dev]# ls
project
[root@test dev]# cd project/
[root@test project]# ls
index.html

好了，到这里我们的git客户端到这里就全部安装完成了。