【攻克Android (13)】Menu 菜单

[size=large]本文围绕以下三个部分展开： [/size]

[size=large]一、Menu 菜单[/size]
[size=large]二、一个案例[/size]
[size=medium]1、主界面[/size]
[size=medium]2、Options menu 选项菜单[/size]
[size=medium]3、Context menu 上下文菜单[/size]
[size=medium]4、Contextual Action Bar(CAB) 上下文操作栏[/size]
[size=medium]5、Popup menu 弹出菜单[/size]

[size=large]附 代码补充[/size]


[size=large]一、Menu 菜单[/size]

[size=medium]关于菜单：[/size]

[size=medium]3.0 开始 android 取消了实体的菜单按钮，引入了操作栏(Action Bar) [/size]

[size=medium]5.0 将操作栏更名为应用栏(App Bar)，有以下四种形式的菜单：[/size]

[size=medium]（1）选项菜单（Options menu）[/size]

[size=medium]（2）上下文菜单（Context menu）[/size]

[size=medium]（3）上下文操作栏（Contextual Action Bar）[/size]

[size=medium]（4）弹出菜单（Popup menu）[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]


[size=large]二、一个案例[/size]

[size=medium]1、主界面[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]（1）activity_main.xml[/size]

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
                 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
                 android:layout_width="match_parent"  
                 android:layout_height="match_parent"  
                 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 tools:context=".MainActivity">  

   <ListView  
       android:id="@+id/listView"  
       android:layout_width="match_parent"  
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>  

 </RelativeLayout>

[size=medium]（2）MainActivity[/size]

package com.android.menu;  

 import android.app.Activity;  
 import android.content.Intent;  
 import android.os.Bundle;  
 import android.view.View;  
 import android.widget.AdapterView;  
 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
 import android.widget.ListView;  


 public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
     private ListView listView;  
     private String[] data = {"选项菜单(Options menu)", "上下文菜单(Context menu)", "Contextual Action Bar(CAB)", "弹出菜单(Popup menu)"};  
     private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;  

     private Class[] items = {OptionsActivity.class, ContextActivity.class, CabActivity.class, PopupActivity.class};  

     @Override  
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  

         // 设置导航图标  
         getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);  
         getActionBar().setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_menu_white_24dp);  

         listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);  
         adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.list_item, R.id.tvItem, data);
         listView.setAdapter(adapter);  
         listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {  
             @Override  
             public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, longid) {  
                 startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(), items[position]));  
             }  
         });  
     }  
 }

[size=medium]2、Options menu 选项菜单[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]右上角三个菜单依次是：排序、新增、更多菜单。当点击右上角的三个点的菜单后，会出现下面3项：[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]当点击“设置”时，界面弹出“设置操作...”：[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]当点击排序菜单时，界面出现排序菜单：[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]当点击“隐藏排序”时，排序菜单会隐藏不见：[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]当再点击“显示排序”时，排序菜单会出现：[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]（1）menu_options.xml [/size]

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
       xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
       tools:context="com.android.menu.OptionsActivity">  

   <!--  
   item 节点:菜单一个选项  
   id:菜单 id (唯一)  
   orderInCategory:id索引值 (从小到大加载)  
   showAsAction:在 应用栏 显示方式  
   title:菜单文本  
   -->  
   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_settings"  
       android:orderInCategory="100"  
       android:showAsAction="never"  
       android:title="@string/action_settings"/>  

   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_exit"  
       android:orderInCategory="101"  
       android:showAsAction="never"  
       android:title="@string/action_exit"/>  

   <!-- id: 标识符 -->  
   <!-- icon: 图标 -->  
   <!-- title: （无图标时）显示的文字 -->  
   <!-- showAsAction: 是否显示在操作栏 -->  
   <!-- visible: 是否可见，默认 true -->  
   <!-- enabled: 是否可用，默认 true-->  
   <!-- orderInCategory: 序号，数值越小越靠前 -->  
   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_new"  
       android:enabled="true"  
       android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_new"  
       android:orderInCategory="102"  
       android:showAsAction="always"  
       android:title="@string/action_new"  
       android:visible="true" />  

   <!-- checkableBehavior: single（单选）、all（多选）、none（不可选） -->  
   <!-- checkable: 是否可选 -->  
   <!-- checked: 是否选中 -->  
   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_sort"  
       android:icon="@drawable/ic_action_sort_by_size"  
       android:showAsAction="ifRoom"  
       android:title="排序">  

     <menu>  
       <group  
          android:id="@+id/group_sort"  
           android:checkableBehavior="single">  
         <item  
             android:id="@+id/action_sort_abc"  
             android:checked="true"  
             android:title="字母顺序" />  
         <item  
             android:id="@+id/action_sort_desc"  
             android:title="从大到小" />  
         <item  
             android:id="@+id/action_sort_asc"  
             android:title="从小到大" />  
         <item  
             android:id="@+id/action_sort_time"  
             android:title="最后修改" />  
      </group>  
     </menu>  
   </item>  

   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_hide_sort"  
       android:showAsAction="never"  
       android:orderInCategory="99"  
       android:title="隐藏排序" />  
 </menu>

[size=medium]（2）OptionsActivity[/size]

package com.android.menu;  

 import android.app.Activity;  
 import android.os.Bundle;  
 import android.view.Menu;  
 import android.view.MenuItem;  
 import android.widget.Toast;  

 /** 
  * 选项菜单 Options Menu 
  */  
 public class OptionsActivity extends Activity {  
     private boolean isHideSort = false;  

     @Override  
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_options);  
     }  

     /** 
      * 1. 创建 选项菜单 
      * 
      * @param menu 
      * @return 
      */  
     @Override  
     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {  
         // 填充菜单  
         this.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_options, menu);  
         return true;  
     }  

     /** 
      * 2. 预处理 选项菜单 
      * 
      * @param menu 
      * @return 
      */  
     @Override  
     public boolean onPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {  
         // 修改菜单项的标题  
         menu.findItem(R.id.action_hide_sort).setTitle(  
                 isHideSort ? "显示排序" : "隐藏排序");  
         // 设置菜单是否可见（开始是可见的）  
         menu.findItem(R.id.action_sort).setVisible(!isHideSort);  
         // 设置组可见  
         menu.setGroupVisible(R.id.group_sort, !isHideSort);  
         // 设置组是否可选  
         menu.setGroupCheckable(R.id.group_sort, true, true);  
         // 设置组是否可用  
         menu.setGroupEnabled(R.id.group_sort, true);  

         return true;  
     }  

     /** 
      * 3. 选中 选项菜单的事件 
      * 
      * @param item 
      * @return 
      */  
     @Override  
     public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {  
         // 设置菜单项的视觉行为  
         if (R.id.group_sort == item.getGroupId()) {  
             // 该组的 checkableBehavior 为单选  
             item.setChecked(true);  
             return true;  
         }  

         String text = "";  
         switch (item.getItemId()) {  
             case R.id.action_settings:  
                 text = "设置操作...";  
                 Toast.makeText(this, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
                 return true;  
             case R.id.action_exit:  
                 // 关闭  
                 this.finish();  
                 return true;  
             case R.id.action_hide_sort:  
                 isHideSort = !isHideSort;  
                 // 让菜单重新创建  
                 // 会调用 onCreateOptionMenu 和 onPrepareOptionsMenu 方法  
                 invalidateOptionsMenu();  
                 return true;  
         }  
         return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);  
     }  

     /** 
      * 4. 关闭选项菜单 
      */  
     @Override  
     public void closeOptionsMenu() {  
         super.closeOptionsMenu();  
     }  
 }

[size=medium]3、Context menu 上下文菜单[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]（1）activity_context.xml ：[/size]

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
                 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
                 android:layout_width="match_parent"  
                 android:layout_he
20000
ight="match_parent"  
                 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 tools:context="com.android.menu.ContextActivity">  

   <ListView  
       android:id="@+id/listView_cm"  
       android:layout_width="match_parent"  
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>  

 </RelativeLayout>

[size=medium]（2）menu_context.xml ：[/size]

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
       xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
       tools:context="com.android.menu.ContextActivity">  

       <item android:id="@+id/action_copy"  
             android:title="复制"/>  

       <item android:id="@+id/action_paste"  
             android:title="粘贴"/>  

       <item android:id="@+id/action_delete"  
             android:title="删除"/>  
 </menu>

[size=medium]（3）ContextActivity ：[/size]

package com.android.menu;  

 import android.app.Activity;  
 import android.os.Bundle;  
 import android.view.ContextMenu;  
 import android.view.Menu;  
 import android.view.MenuItem;  
 import android.view.View;  
 import android.widget.AdapterView;  
 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
 import android.widget.ListView;  
 import android.widget.Toast;  

 import java.util.ArrayList;  
 import java.util.List;  

 /** 
  * 上下文菜单 Context Menu 
  */  
 public class ContextActivity extends Activity {  
     private ListView listView;  
     private List<String> data = new ArrayList<>();  
     private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;  

     private int position;  

     @Override  
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_context);  

         for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {  
             data.add("数据项 " + i);  
         }  

         listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView_cm);  
         adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, data);  
         listView.setAdapter(adapter);  

         // 3. 注册上下文菜单，调用 onCreateContextMenu  
         registerForContextMenu(listView);  

         // 3.1 注销上下文菜单（一般不会用：既然用了上下文菜单，就不会去注销）  
         //unregisterForContextMenu(listView);  
     }  

     /** 
      * 1. 创建 上下文菜单 
      * 
      * @param menu 
      * @param v 
      * @param menuInfo 
      */  
     @Override  
     public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {  
         this.getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_context, menu);  

         // 设置图标和文本  
         menu.setHeaderIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_edit);  
         menu.setHeaderTitle("操作：");  

         // 菜单信息：targetView、position，id  
         AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo info =  
                 (AdapterView.AdapterContextMenuInfo) menuInfo;  

         // 列表中触发长按事件（弹出菜单）的位置  
         position = info.position;  
     }  

     /** 
      * 2. 上下文菜单 选项事件 
      * 
      * @param item 
      * @return 
      */  
     @Override  
     public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {  
         switch (item.getItemId()) {  
             case R.id.action_copy:  
                 doOperator("复制");  
                 break;  
             case R.id.action_paste:  
                 doOperator("粘贴");  
                 break;  
             case R.id.action_delete:  
                 doOperator("删除");  
                 break;  
         }  
         return true;  
     }  

     private void doOperator(String text) {  
         // 显示被点击按钮下标的值  
         Toast.makeText(this, text + " " + data.get(position), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
     }  

     /** 
      * 4. 关闭 上下文菜单 
      * 
      * @param menu 
      */  
     @Override  
     public void onContextMenuClosed(Menu menu) {  
         super.onContextMenuClosed(menu);  
     }  
 }

[size=medium]4、Contextual Action Bar(CAB) 上下文操作栏[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]（1）activity_cab.xml[/size]

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
                 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
                 android:layout_width="match_parent"  
                 android:layout_height="match_parent"  
                 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 tools:context="com.android.menu.CabActivity">  

   <ListView  
       android:id="@+id/listView_cab"  
       android:layout_width="match_parent"  
       android:layout_height="match_parent"/>  

 </RelativeLayout>

[size=medium]（2）menu_cab.xml[/size]

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
       xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
       tools:context="com.android.menu.CabActivity">  

       <item android:id="@+id/action_cab_copy"  
             android:title="复制"/>  

       <item android:id="@+id/action_cab_delete"  
             android:title="删除"/>  

 </menu>

[size=medium]（3）[/size]

package com.android.menu;  

 import android.app.Activity;  
 import android.os.Bundle;  
 import android.util.Log;  
 import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;  
 import android.view.ActionMode;  
 import android.view.Menu;  
 import android.view.MenuItem;  
 import android.widget.AbsListView;  
 import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;  
 import android.widget.ListView;  

 import java.util.ArrayList;  


 public class CabActivity extends Activity {  
     private ListView listView;  
     private ArrayList<String> data = new ArrayList<String>();  
     private ArrayAdapter<String> adapter;  

     @Override  
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_cab);  

         for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {  
             data.add("数据项 " + i);  
         }  

         listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView_cab);  

         // 模版需要有选中状态（activated）  
         adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,  
                 android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,  
                 data);  

         listView.setAdapter(adapter);  

         // 设置选择模式  
         listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE_MODAL);  

         // 设置多选监听器  
         listView.setMultiChoiceModeListener(new AbsListView.MultiChoiceModeListener() { 
             @Override  
             public void onItemCheckedStateChanged(ActionMode mode, int position, long id, boolean checked) {  
                 // 2. 获得选中的总数  
                 int count = listView.getCheckedItemCount();  
                 // 2.1 设置标题 （显示有几个选中了）  
                 mode.setTitle(String.valueOf(count));  
             }  

             @Override  
             public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {  
                 // 1. 创建菜单  
                 getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_cab, menu);  
                 return true;  
             }  

             @Override  
             public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {  
                 return false;  
             }  

             // 3.  
             @Override  
             public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {  
                 // 获得选中的多项【稀疏数组】  
                 SparseBooleanArray array = listView.getCheckedItemPositions();  
                 switch (item.getItemId()) {  
                     case R.id.action_cab_copy:  
                         // {2=true, 4=true, 5=true}................  
                         Log.v("MENU", array.toString() + "................");  
                         //适用于有 ID 的数据  
                         //long[] ids = listView.getCheckedItemIds();  
                         break;  
                     case R.id.action_cab_delete:  
                         for (int i = array.size() - 1; i > -1; i--) {  
                             // {2=true, 4=true, 5=true}  分割开  
                             // 获得选中的下标  
                             int position = array.keyAt(i);  
                             // 删除数据中的指定元素（之前被选中的元素）  
                             data.remove(position);  
                         }  
                         break;  
                 }  
                 //通知视图改变  
                 adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();  

                 // 结束CAB模式，调用 onDestoryActionMode 方法  
                 mode.finish();  
                 return true;  
             }  

             @Override  
             public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {  

             }  
         });  
     }  


 }

[size=medium]5、Popup menu 弹出菜单[/size]

[align=center][/align]

[size=medium]（1）activity_popup.xml ：[/size]

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
                 xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
                 android:layout_width="match_parent"  
                 android:layout_height="match_parent"  
                 android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
                 android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
                 tools:context="com.android.menu.PopupActivity">  

   <Button  
       android:id="@+id/button_popupMenu"  
       style="@android:style/Widget.DeviceDefault.Button.Borderless"  
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
       android:layout_alignParentEnd="true"  
       android:layout_alignParentTop="true"  
       android:drawablePadding="8dp"  
       android:drawableRight="@drawable/ic_more_vert_grey600_16dp"  
       android:onClick="onClick"/>  

 </RelativeLayout>

[size=medium]（2）menu_popup.xml ：[/size]

<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
       xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
       tools:context="com.android.menu.PopupActivity">  

   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_pop_edit"  
       android:title="编辑"/>  

   <item  
       android:id="@+id/action_pop_remove"  
       android:title="删除"/>  

 </menu>

[size=medium]（3）PopupActivity ：[/size]

package com.android.menu;  

 import android.app.Activity;  
 import android.os.Bundle;  
 import android.util.Log;  
 import android.view.MenuItem;  
 import android.view.View;  
 import android.widget.PopupMenu;  


 public class PopupActivity extends Activity {  

     @Override  
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
         setContentView(R.layout.activity_popup);  
     }  

     public void onClick(View view) {  
         // 创建弹出菜单  
         // 参数一：上下文  
         // 参数二：菜单的锚  
         PopupMenu menu = new PopupMenu(this, view);  

         // 加载菜单文件  
         menu.inflate(R.menu.menu_popup);  

         // 添加菜单项点击监听器  
         menu.setOnMenuItemClickListener(new PopupMenu.OnMenuItemClickListener() {  
             @Override  
             public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {  
                 switch (item.getItemId()) {  
                     case R.id.action_pop_edit:  
                         Log.v("MENU", "修改......");  
                         break;  
                     case R.id.action_pop_remove:  
                         Log.v("MENU", "删除......");  
                         break;  
                 }  
                 return true;  
             }  
         });  

         // 添加菜单消失时的监听器【点击菜单项或其他区域，菜单会消失】  
         menu.setOnDismissListener(new PopupMenu.OnDismissListener() {  
             @Override  
             public void onDismiss(PopupMenu menu) {  

             }  
         });  

         // 显示菜单  
         menu.show();  
     }  
 }

[size=large]附 代码补充[/size]

[size=medium]1. style.xml(v21) ：[/size]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
 <resources>  

   <style name="AppTheme" parent="android:Theme.Material.Light">  
     <item name="android:colorPrimaryDark">@android:color/holo_blue_dark</item>  
     <item name="android:colorPrimary">@android:color/holo_blue_light</item>  
     <item name="android:navigationBarColor">@android:color/transparent</item>  
   </style>  
 </resources>

[size=medium]2. strings.xml ：[/size]

<resources>  
   <string name="app_name">Menu</string>  

   <string name="title_activity_options">选项菜单</string>  
   <string name="title_activity_context">上下文菜单</string>  
   <string name="title_activity_popup">弹出式菜单</string>  
   <string name="title_activity_cab">上下文操作栏</string>  

   <string name="action_settings">设置</string>  
   <string name="action_exit">退出</string>  
   <string name="action_new">新建</string>  

 </resources>

[size=medium]3. AndroidManifest.xml ：[/size]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
 <manifest  
     package="com.android.menu"  
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">  

   <application  
       android:allowBackup="true"  
       android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"  
       android:label="@string/app_name"  
       android:theme="@style/AppTheme">  
     <activity  
         android:name=".MainActivity"  
         android:label="@string/app_name">  
       <intent-filter>  
         <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/>  

         <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/>  
       </intent-filter>  
     </activity>  
     <activity  
         android:name=".OptionsActivity"  
         android:label="@string/title_activity_options"  
         android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/>  
     <activity  
         android:name=".ContextActivity"  
         android:label="@string/title_activity_context"  
         android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/>  
     <activity  
         android:name=".CabActivity"  
         android:label="@string/title_activity_cab"  
         android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/>  
     <activity  
         android:name=".PopupActivity"  
         android:label="@string/title_activity_popup"  
         android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity"/>  
   </application>  
 </manifest>