linux目录操作及递归遍历目录

目录相关函数介绍

//mkdir 函数创建目录

#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

int mkdir(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);

//rmdir 删除目录

#include <unistd.h>
int rmdir(const char *pathname);

//dopendir/fdopendir //打开目录

DIR是一个结构体，是一个内部结构，用来存储读取目录的相关信息。

DIR *opendir(const char *name);
DIR *fdopendir(int fd);

//readdir 读目录

#include <dirent.h>
struct dirent *readdir(DIR *dirp);

struct dirent {
ino_t d_ino; /* inode number */
off_t d_off; /* offset to the next dirent */
unsigned short d_reclen; /* length of this record */
unsigned char d_type; /* type of file; not supportedby all file system types */
char d_name[256]; /* filename */
};

readdir 每次返回一条记录项，，DIR*指针指向下一条记录项。

//rewinddir

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>

void rewinddir(DIR *dirp);

把目录指针恢复到目录的起始位置。

//telldir函数

#include <dirent.h>

long telldir(DIR *dirp);

函数返回值是为目录流的当前位置，表示目录文件距开头的偏移量。

//seekdir

#include <dirent.h>
void seekdir(DIR *dirp, long offset);

seekdir表示设置文件流指针位置。

//closedir 关闭目录流

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>

int closedir(DIR *dirp);

使用递归来遍历目录下的文件

#include<stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MAX_PATH 512

void print_file_info(char *pathname);
void dir_order(char *pathname);

void dir_order(char *pathname)
{
DIR *dfd;
char name[MAX_PATH];
struct dirent *dp;
if ((dfd = opendir(pathname)) == NULL)
{
printf("dir_order: can't open %s\n %s", pathname,strerror(errno));
return;
}
while ((dp = readdir(dfd)) != NULL)
{
if (strncmp(dp->d_name, ".", 1) == 0)
continue; /* 跳过当前目录和上一层目录以及隐藏文件*/
if (strlen(pathname) + strlen(dp->d_name) + 2 > sizeof(name))
{
printf("dir_order: name %s %s too long\n", pathname, dp->d_name);
} else
{
memset(name, 0, sizeof(name));
sprintf(name, "%s/%s", pathname, dp->d_name);
print_file_info(name);
}
}
closedir(dfd);

}
void print_file_info(char *pathname)
{
struct stat filestat;
if (stat(pathname, &filestat) == -1)
{
printf("cannot access the file %s", pathname);
return;
}
if ((filestat.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
{
dir_order(pathname);
}
printf("%s %8ld\n", pathname, filestat.st_size);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
if (argc == 1)
{
dir_order(".");
} else
{
dir_order(argv[1]);
}
return 0;
}