Android程序中如何启动浏览器

一、启动android默认浏览器
在Android程序中我们可以通过发送隐式Intent来启动系统默认的浏览器。如果手机本身安装了多个浏览器而又没有设置默认浏览器的话，系统将让用户选择使用哪个浏览器来打开连接。关于Intent的更多内容请参考《常用Intent》
示例1

Intent intent = new Intent();        intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW");        Uri content_url = Uri.parse("http://www.163.com");        intent.setData(content_url);        startActivity(intent);

这样子，android就可以调用起手机默认的浏览器访问。

二、启动指定浏览器

在Android程序中我们可以通过发送显式Intent来启动指定的浏览器。

启动Android原生浏览器

示例2

Intent intent = new Intent();                 intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW");             Uri content_url = Uri.parse("http://www.163.com");            intent.setData(content_url);                    intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity");            startActivity(intent);

只要修改以intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity");
中相应的应用程序packagename 和要启动的activity即可启动其他浏览器来
uc浏览器"："com.uc.browser",
"com.uc.browser.ActivityUpdate“
opera浏览器："com.opera.mini.android",
"com.opera.mini.android.Browser"
qq浏览器："com.tencent.mtt",
"com.tencent.mtt.MainActivity"

三、使用浏览器打开本地html文件

打开本地的html文件的时候，一定要指定某个浏览器，而不能采用方式一来浏览。

示例3

Intent intent = new Intent();                 intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW");             Uri content_url = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");          intent.setData(content_url);                    intent.setClassName("com.android.browser","com.android.browser.BrowserActivity");            startActivity(intent);

虽然网上很多文章说即使使用浏览器打开本地的html文件的时，文件路径不支持"files:"，不应该使用

Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式而是应该使用

Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

但是经过在HTC G10(Android2.3.5),Lenovo P770(Android4.0以上)测试，实际上只有

Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式能很好的工作。

Uri content_url = Uri.parse("content://com.android.htmlfileprovider/sdcard/robin.hu/help.html");

这种形式反而不能很好的工作

四、对使用浏览器打开网页的封装

以下是对使用浏览器打开网页的一些封装

static void startBrower(Context context,String uri)    {        startBrower(context,Uri.parse(uri));    }    static void startBrower(Context context,Uri uri)    {         Intent intent = new Intent();         intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW");         /*其实可以不用添加该Category*/         intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE");         intent.setData(uri);          intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         /*如果想用浏览器打开本地html文件的话，则只能通过显式intent启动浏览器*/         boolean explicitMode=false;         String scheme=uri.getScheme();         if(scheme!=null&&scheme.startsWith("file")) {             explicitMode=true;         }         if(explicitMode) {             intent.setClassName("com.android.browser", "com.android.browser.BrowserActivity");         } else {             intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.BROWSABLE");         }         context.startActivity(intent);    }    static void startBrower(Context context,String uri,String packageName, String className)    {        startBrower(context,Uri.parse(uri),packageName,className);    }    static void startBrower(Context context,Uri uri,String packageName, String className)    {         Intent intent = new Intent();         intent.setAction("android.intent.action.VIEW");         intent.setData(uri);          intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);         intent.setClassName(packageName,className);         context.startActivity(intent);    }

五、Android原生浏览器的AndroidManifest.xml

以下是Android 4.0原生浏览器的AndroidManifest.xml文件

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.android.browser">    <original-package android:name="com.android.browser" />    <permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.PRELOAD"        android:label="@string/permission_preload_label"        android:protectionLevel="signatureOrSystem" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.USE_CREDENTIALS"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS" />    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_ACCOUNTS" />    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"/>    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"/>    <uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT"/>    <application   android:name="Browser"                   android:label="@string/application_name"                   android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_browser"                   android:backupAgent=".BrowserBackupAgent"                   android:hardwareAccelerated="true"                   android:taskAffinity="android.task.browser" >        <provider android:name=".provider.BrowserProvider2"                  android:authorities="com.android.browser;browser"                  android:multiprocess="true"                  android:readPermission="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"                  android:writePermission="com.android.browser.permission.WRITE_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS">            <path-permission android:path="/bookmarks/search_suggest_query"                    android:readPermission="android.permission.GLOBAL_SEARCH" />        </provider>        <activity android:name="BrowserActivity"                  android:label="@string/application_name"                  android:launchMode="singleTask"                  android:alwaysRetainTaskState="true"                  android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|keyboard|screenSize"                  android:theme="@style/BrowserTheme"                  android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustResize" >            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.speech.action.VOICE_SEARCH_RESULTS" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>            <!-- For these schemes were not particular MIME type has been                 supplied, we are a good candidate. -->            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />                <data android:scheme="http" />                <data android:scheme="https" />                <data android:scheme="about" />                <data android:scheme="javascript" />            </intent-filter>            <!--  For these schemes where any of these particular MIME types                  have been supplied, we are a good candidate. -->            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <data android:scheme="http" />                <data android:scheme="https" />                <data android:scheme="inline" />                <data android:mimeType="text/html"/>                <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>                <data android:mimeType="application/xhtml+xml"/>                <data android:mimeType="application/vnd.wap.xhtml+xml"/>            </intent-filter>            <!-- For viewing saved web archives. -->            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <data android:scheme="http" />                <data android:scheme="https" />                <data android:scheme="file" />                <data android:mimeType="application/x-webarchive-xml"/>            </intent-filter>            <!-- Accept inbound NFC URLs at a low priority -->            <intent-filter android:priority="-101">                <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <data android:scheme="http" />                <data android:scheme="https" />            </intent-filter>            <!-- We are also the main entry point of the browser. -->            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />            </intent-filter>            <!-- The maps app is a much better experience, so it's not                 worth having this at all... especially for a demo!            <intent-filter android:label="Map In Browser">                <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.item/postal-address" />            </intent-filter>            -->            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.WEB_SEARCH" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE" />                <data android:scheme="" />                <data android:scheme="http" />                <data android:scheme="https" />            </intent-filter>            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MEDIA_SEARCH" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>            <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable"                    android:resource="@xml/searchable" />        </activity>        <activity android:name="ShortcutActivity"            android:theme="@style/ShortcutTheme"            android:label="@string/shortcut_bookmark"            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_shortcut_browser_bookmark">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_SHORTCUT" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <activity android:name="BrowserPreferencesPage" android:label="@string/menu_preferences">            <intent-filter>               <action android:name="android.intent.action.MANAGE_NETWORK_USAGE" />               <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <activity android:name="BookmarkSearch"                  android:label="@string/bookmarks_search"                  android:stateNotNeeded="true"                  android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoDisplay"                  android:excludeFromRecents="true">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEARCH" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />            </intent-filter>            <meta-data android:name="android.app.searchable"                    android:resource="@xml/bookmarks_searchable" />        </activity>        <activity android:name="AddBookmarkPage" android:label="Save bookmark"                  android:theme="@style/DialogWhenLarge"                  android:configChanges="orientation|keyboardHidden|screenSize">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.INSERT" />                <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />                <data android:mimeType="vnd.android.cursor.dir/bookmark"/>            </intent-filter>        </activity>
<activity android:name="ComboViewActivity">        </activity>        <!-- Bookmark thumbnail homescreen widget -->        <receiver            android:name=".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetProvider"            android:label="@string/bookmarks">            <intent-filter>                <action                    android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />                <action                    android:name="com.android.browser.BOOKMARK_APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />            </intent-filter>            <meta-data                android:name="android.appwidget.provider"                android:resource="@xml/bookmarkthumbnailwidget_info" />        </receiver>        <service            android:name=".widget.BookmarkThumbnailWidgetService"            android:permission="android.permission.BIND_REMOTEVIEWS"            android:exported="false" />        <receiver            android:name=".widget.BookmarkWidgetProxy"            android:exported="false" />        <activity android:name=".widget.BookmarkWidgetConfigure"            android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo.DialogWhenLarge">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_CONFIGURE"/>            </intent-filter>        </activity>        <!-- Makes .BrowserActivity the search target for any activity in Browser -->        <meta-data android:name="android.app.default_searchable" android:value=".BrowserActivity" />        <!-- Application code for RLZ tracking.  RLZ assigns non-unique, non-personally identifiable             tracking labels to client products; these labels sometimes appear in Google search             queries.  See http://code.google.com/p/rlz for more info.             This value signifies to the RLZ client that this application uses RLZ tracking. -->        <meta-data android:name="com.google.android.partnersetup.RLZ_ACCESS_POINT"                   android:value="@string/rlz_access_point" />        <receiver android:name=".OpenDownloadReceiver">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.intent.action.DOWNLOAD_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED"/>            </intent-filter>        </receiver>        <!-- For custom home pages (like most visited) -->        <provider            android:name=".homepages.HomeProvider"            android:authorities="com.android.browser.home"            android:readPermission="com.android.browser.permission.READ_HISTORY_BOOKMARKS"            android:exported="false" />        <receiver android:name=".AccountsChangedReceiver">            <intent-filter>                <action android:name="android.accounts.LOGIN_ACCOUNTS_CHANGED" />            </intent-filter>        </receiver>        <receiver android:name=".PreloadRequestReceiver"             android:permission="com.android.browser.permission.PRELOAD" >             <intent-filter>                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.PRELOAD"/>                 <data android:scheme="http" />             </intent-filter>         </receiver>        <provider android:name=".provider.SnapshotProvider"                  android:authorities="com.android.browser.snapshots"                  android:exported="false" />    </application></manifest>

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