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Spring MVC之@RequestBody, @ResponseBody 详解

2015-07-27 17:09 621 查看

引言:

接上一篇文章讲述处理@RequestMapping的方法参数绑定之后,详细介绍下@RequestBody、@ResponseBody的具体用法和使用时机;

简介:

@RequestBody

作用:

i)该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上;

ii)再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到controller中方法的参数上。

使用时机:

A)GET、POST方式提时,根据requestheaderContent-Type的值来判断:

application/x-www-form-urlencoded,可选(即非必须,因为这种情况的数据@RequestParam,@ModelAttribute也可以处理,当然@RequestBody也能处理);

multipart/form-data,不能处理(即使用@RequestBody不能处理这种格式的数据);

其他格式,必须(其他格式包括application/json,application/xml等。这些格式的数据,必须使用@RequestBody来处理);

B)PUT方式提交时,根据requestheaderContent-Type的值来判断:

application/x-www-form-urlencoded,必须;

multipart/form-data,不能处理;

其他格式,必须;

说明:request的body部分的数据编码格式由header部分的Content-Type指定;

@ResponseBody

作用:

该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区。

使用时机:

返回的数据不是html标签的页面,而是其他某种格式的数据时(如json、xml等)使用;

HttpMessageConverter

[java]viewplaincopy

<spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">/**

*StrategyinterfacethatspecifiesaconverterthatcanconvertfromandtoHTTPrequestsandresponses.

*

*@authorArjenPoutsma

*@authorJuergenHoeller

*@since3.0

*/

publicinterfaceHttpMessageConverter<T>{

/**

*Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbereadbythisconverter.

*@paramclazztheclasstotestforreadability

*@parammediaTypethemediatypetoread,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.

*Typicallythevalueofa{@codeContent-Type}header.

*@return{@codetrue}ifreadable;{@codefalse}otherwise

*/

booleancanRead(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);

/**

*Indicateswhetherthegivenclasscanbewrittenbythisconverter.

*@paramclazztheclasstotestforwritability

*@parammediaTypethemediatypetowrite,canbe{@codenull}ifnotspecified.

*Typicallythevalueofan{@codeAccept}header.

*@return{@codetrue}ifwritable;{@codefalse}otherwise

*/

booleancanWrite(Class<?>clazz,MediaTypemediaType);

/**

*Returnthelistof{@linkMediaType}objectssupportedbythisconverter.

*@returnthelistofsupportedmediatypes

*/

List<MediaType>getSupportedMediaTypes();

/**

*Readanobjectofthegiventypeformthegiveninputmessage,andreturnsit.

*@paramclazzthetypeofobjecttoreturn.Thistypemusthavepreviouslybeenpassedtothe

*{@link#canReadcanRead}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.

*@paraminputMessagetheHTTPinputmessagetoreadfrom

*@returntheconvertedobject

*@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors

*@throwsHttpMessageNotReadableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors

*/

Tread(Class<?extendsT>clazz,HttpInputMessageinputMessage)

throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotReadableException;

/**

*Writeangivenobjecttothegivenoutputmessage.

*@paramttheobjecttowritetotheoutputmessage.Thetypeofthisobjectmusthavepreviouslybeen

*passedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthavereturned{@codetrue}.

*@paramcontentTypethecontenttypetousewhenwriting.Maybe{@codenull}toindicatethatthe

*defaultcontenttypeoftheconvertermustbeused.Ifnot{@codenull},thismediatypemusthave

*previouslybeenpassedtothe{@link#canWritecanWrite}methodofthisinterface,whichmusthave

*returned{@codetrue}.

*@paramoutputMessagethemessagetowriteto

*@throwsIOExceptionincaseofI/Oerrors

*@throwsHttpMessageNotWritableExceptionincaseofconversionerrors

*/

voidwrite(Tt,MediaTypecontentType,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)

throwsIOException,HttpMessageNotWritableException;

}

</span>

该接口定义了四个方法,分别是读取数据时的canRead(),read()和写入数据时的canWrite(),write()方法。

在使用<mvc:annotation-driven/>标签配置时,默认配置了
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter(注意是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
不是AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter,详情查看Spring3.1document“16.14ConfiguringSpringMVC”章节),并为他配置了一下默认的HttpMessageConverter:

[java]viewplaincopy

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverterconvertsbytearrays.

StringHttpMessageConverterconvertsstrings.

ResourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromorg.springframework.core.io.Resourceforallmediatypes.

SourceHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromajavax.xml.transform.Source.

FormHttpMessageConverterconvertsformdatato/fromaMultiValueMap<String,String>.

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverterconvertsJavaobjectsto/fromXML—addedifJAXB2ispresentontheclasspath.

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverterconvertsto/fromJSON—addedifJacksonispresentontheclasspath.

AtomFeedHttpMessageConverterconvertsAtomfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.

RssChannelHttpMessageConverterconvertsRSSfeeds—addedifRomeispresentontheclasspath.

ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter:负责读取二进制格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;


StringHttpMessageConverter:负责读取字符串格式的数据和写出二进制格式的数据;


ResourceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取资源文件和写出资源文件数据;


FormHttpMessageConverter:负责读取form提交的数据(能读取的数据格式为application/x-www-form-urlencoded,不能读取multipart/form-data格式数据);负责写入application/x-www-from-urlencoded和multipart/form-data格式的数据;

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写入json格式的数据;

SouceHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写入xml中javax.xml.transform.Source定义的数据;

Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写入xml标签格式的数据;

AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写入Atom格式的数据;

RssChannelHttpMessageConverter:负责读取和写入RSS格式的数据;

当使用@RequestBody和@ResponseBody注解时,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
就使用它们来进行读取或者写入相应格式的数据。



HttpMessageConverter匹配过程:

@RequestBody注解时:根据Request对象header部分的Content-Type类型,逐一匹配合适的HttpMessageConverter来读取数据;

spring3.1源代码如下:

[java]viewplaincopy

<spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privateObjectreadWithMessageConverters(MethodParametermethodParam,HttpInputMessageinputMessage,ClassparamType)

throwsException{

MediaTypecontentType=inputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();

if(contentType==null){

StringBuilderbuilder=newStringBuilder(ClassUtils.getShortName(methodParam.getParameterType()));

StringparamName=methodParam.getParameterName();

if(paramName!=null){

builder.append('');

builder.append(paramName);

}

thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(

"Cannotextractparameter("+builder.toString()+"):noContent-Typefound");

}

List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();

if(this.messageConverters!=null){

for(HttpMessageConverter<?>messageConverter:this.messageConverters){

allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());

if(messageConverter.canRead(paramType,contentType)){

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

logger.debug("Reading["+paramType.getName()+"]as\""+contentType

+"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");

}

returnmessageConverter.read(paramType,inputMessage);

}

}

}

thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotSupportedException(contentType,allSupportedMediaTypes);

}</span>

@ResponseBody注解时:根据Request对象header部分的Accept属性(逗号分隔),逐一按accept中的类型,去遍历找到能处理的HttpMessageConverter;

源代码如下:

[java]viewplaincopy

<spanstyle="font-family:MicrosoftYaHei;">privatevoidwriteWithMessageConverters(ObjectreturnValue,

HttpInputMessageinputMessage,HttpOutputMessageoutputMessage)

throwsIOException,HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException{

List<MediaType>acceptedMediaTypes=inputMessage.getHeaders().getAccept();

if(acceptedMediaTypes.isEmpty()){

acceptedMediaTypes=Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);

}

MediaType.sortByQualityValue(acceptedMediaTypes);

Class<?>returnValueType=returnValue.getClass();

List<MediaType>allSupportedMediaTypes=newArrayList<MediaType>();

if(getMessageConverters()!=null){

for(MediaTypeacceptedMediaType:acceptedMediaTypes){

for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:getMessageConverters()){

if(messageConverter.canWrite(returnValueType,acceptedMediaType)){

messageConverter.write(returnValue,acceptedMediaType,outputMessage);

if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){

MediaTypecontentType=outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();

if(contentType==null){

contentType=acceptedMediaType;

}

logger.debug("Written["+returnValue+"]as\""+contentType+

"\"using["+messageConverter+"]");

}

this.responseArgumentUsed=true;

return;

}

}

}

for(HttpMessageConvertermessageConverter:messageConverters){

allSupportedMediaTypes.addAll(messageConverter.getSupportedMediaTypes());

}

}

thrownewHttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(allSupportedMediaTypes);

}</span>

补充:

MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter调用了objectMapper.writeValue(OutputStreamstream,Object)方法,使用@ResponseBody注解返回的对象就传入Object参数内。若返回的对象为已经格式化好的json串时,不使用@RequestBody注解,而应该这样处理:

1、response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");

2、response.getWriter().print(jsonStr);

直接输出到body区,然后的视图为void。
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