搭建 CentOS 6 服务器(8) - MySQL、PostgreSQL

(一)MySQL

（1）安装

Shell代码


# yum -y install http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm
# yum info mysql-community-server

# yum -y install mysql-community-server

# vi /etc/my.cnf

character-set-server=utf8

# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart

# mysqld --version

mysqld Ver 5.6.23 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))

（2）基本设置

Shell代码


# mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none):　←　回车

Set root password? [Y/n]　←　回车

New password:　←　123456

Re-enter new password:　←　123456

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]　←　回车(删除匿名用户)

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]　←　回车(禁止远程root登录)

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]　←　回车(删除test库)

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]　←　回车

Thanks for using MySQL!

# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:123456

mysql> create database mydb;

mysql> grant all privileges on mydb.* to testuser@localhost identified by '123456';

mysql> select user, host from mysql.user;

mysql> quit

（3）主从设置

①设置Master

Shell代码


# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=10

log-bin=mysqld-bin

binlog-ignore-db=test,performance_schema,information_schema

# service mysqld restart

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'slave_host' identified by 'repl_pwd';

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

mysql> quit

# mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --lock-all-tables > /root/dump.sql

# gzip dump.sql

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> unlock tables;

mysql> show master status\G ←确认File和Position，后边Slave会用到

mysql> quit

②设置Slave

Shell代码


# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server-id=11

relay-log=mysqld-relay-bin

read_only=1

# service mysqld restart

# scp root@slave_host:/root/dump.sql.gz /root

# cd /root

# gzip -d dump.sql.gz

# mysql -uroot -p < /root/dump.sql

# mysql -u root -p

mysql> reset slave;

mysql> change master to master_host='master_host', master_user='repl_user', master_password='repl_pwd', master_log_file='mysqld-bin.xxxxxx', master_log_pos=xxxx; ←这里的值和上边'show master status'的结果相同

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G

mysql> quit

③确认主从

主

Shell代码


# mysql -u root -p

mysql> show databases;

mysql> create database test_db;

mysql> quit

从

Shell代码


# mysql -u root -p

mysql> show databases; ←test_db同时被做成

mysql> quit

(二)PostgreSQL

（1）下载安装

Shell代码


# cd /usr/local/src

# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/postgresql.mirror/files/PostgreSQL%209.3.4/postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run/download
# chmod 755 postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run

# ./postgresql-9.3.4-1-linux-x64.run

Installation Directory [/opt/PostgreSQL/9.2]:/usr/local/pgsql

Data Directory [/usr/local/pgsql/data]:

Password :postgres

Retype password :postgres

Port [5432]:

Please choose an option [1] : 430 ←选择对应的语言（430代表日语）

Do you want to continue? [Y/n]: y

Setup has finished installing PostgreSQL on your computer.

只安装Client：

Shell代码


# yum install readline-devel zlib-devel

# cd /usr/local/src/

# wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v9.3.4/postgresql-9.3.4.tar.gz
# tar xzvf postgresql-9.3.4.tar.gz

# cd postgresql-9.3.4

# ./configure --prefix /usr/local/pgsql

# make

# gmake -C src/bin install

# gmake -C src/include install

# gmake -C src/interfaces install

# gmake -C doc install

（2）确认版本

Shell代码


# id postgres

# su - postgres

# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin

# ./psql --version

（3）设置

Shell代码


# cd /usr/local/pgsql/data

# cp postgresql.conf postgresql.conf.default

# vi postgresql.conf

max_connections=100

shared_buffers=128MB

work_mem=16MB

# cp pg_hba.conf pg_hba.conf.default

# vi pg_hba.conf

host all all 192.168.21.0/24 trust

# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

数据库操作的历史记录文件

Shell代码


# touch /usr/local/pgsql/.psql_history

# chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/.psql_history

通过pgAdmin测试是否连接成功。

（4）启动设置

Shell代码


# chkconfig postgresql-9.3 on

# chkconfig --list postgresql-9.3

（5）创建登录用户

Shell代码


# su - postgres

# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin

# ./createuser -s -d -r -l -P pguser

Enter password for new role: 123456

Enter it again: 123456

Password :postgres

./psql

Password :postgres

postgres=# \du

List of roles

Role name | Attributes | Member of

-----------+------------------------------------------------+-----------

pguser | Superuser, Create role, Create DB | {}

postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}

postgres=# \q

（6）创建数据库

Shell代码


# ./createdb -E UTF8 -O pguser -U pguser pgdb

Password :postgres

# ./psql -l

Password :postgres

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb

postgres=# \l

List of databases

Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges

-----------+----------+----------+------------+------------+----

pgdb | pguser | UTF8 | ja_JP.utf8 | ja_JP.utf8 |

postgres=# CREATE TABLE test_users(id integer NOT NULL, name character varying(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT test_users_pkc PRIMARY KEY (id));

postgres=# INSERT INTO test_users(id,name) VALUES (1, 'rensanning');

postgres=# SELECT * FROM test_users;

id | name

----+------

1 | rensanning

(1 row)

postgres=# \q

（7）主从设置

①设置Master

Shell代码


# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

wal_level = hot_standby

synchronous_commit = on

max_wal_senders = 2

synchronous_standby_names = 'slave1'

wal_keep_segments = 100

# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf

local replication postgres trust

host replication postgres 127.0.0.1/32 trust

# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

②设置Slave

Shell代码


# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 stop

# /usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_basebackup -U postgres -h master_host -p 5432 -D /usr/local/pg_slave --xlog --progress --verbose

# cp /usr/local/pgsql/data/postmaster.opts /usr/local/pg_slave/

# mv /usr/local/pgsql/data/ /usr/local/pgsql/data_bak/

# cp /usr/local/pg_slave/ /usr/local/pgsql/data/

# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data/

# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/postgresql.conf

hot_standby = on

# cp /usr/local/pgsql/share/postgresql/recovery.conf.sample /usr/local/pgsql/data/recovery.conf

# vi /usr/local/pgsql/data/recovery.conf

standby_mode = on

primary_conninfo = 'host=master_host port=5432 application_name=slave1'

# /etc/init.d/postgresql-9.3 restart

③确认主从

主

Shell代码


# su - postgres

# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "INSERT INTO test_users VALUES (2,'slave')"

OK

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "select * from test_users"

id | name

----+-------

1 | rensanning

2 | slave

(2 rows)

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "SELECT application_name,state,sync_priority,sync_state FROM pg_stat_replication;"

application_name | state | sync_priority | sync_state

------------------+-----------+---------------+------------

slave1 | streaming | 1 | sync

slave1 | streaming | 1 | potential

从

Shell代码


# su - postgres

# cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "INSERT INTO test_users VALUES (3,'slave')"

ERROR: cannot execute INSERT in a read-only transaction

# ./psql -U pguser -d pgdb -c "select * from test_users"

id | name

----+-------

1 | rensanning

2 | slave

(2 rows)